Localizing Persona Representations in LLMs

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Cintas, Celia, Rateike, Miriam, Miehling, Erik, Daly, Elizabeth, Speakman, Skyler
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Cintas, Celia
Rateike, Miriam
Miehling, Erik
Daly, Elizabeth
Speakman, Skyler
author_facet Cintas, Celia
Rateike, Miriam
Miehling, Erik
Daly, Elizabeth
Speakman, Skyler
contents We present a study on how and where personas -- defined by distinct sets of human characteristics, values, and beliefs -- are encoded in the representation space of large language models (LLMs). Using a range of dimension reduction and pattern recognition methods, we first identify the model layers that show the greatest divergence in encoding these representations. We then analyze the activations within a selected layer to examine how specific personas are encoded relative to others, including their shared and distinct embedding spaces. We find that, across multiple pre-trained decoder-only LLMs, the analyzed personas show large differences in representation space only within the final third of the decoder layers. We observe overlapping activations for specific ethical perspectives -- such as moral nihilism and utilitarianism -- suggesting a degree of polysemy. In contrast, political ideologies like conservatism and liberalism appear to be represented in more distinct regions. These findings help to improve our understanding of how LLMs internally represent information and can inform future efforts in refining the modulation of specific human traits in LLM outputs. Warning: This paper includes potentially offensive sample statements.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2505_24539
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Localizing Persona Representations in LLMs
Cintas, Celia
Rateike, Miriam
Miehling, Erik
Daly, Elizabeth
Speakman, Skyler
Computation and Language
Artificial Intelligence
We present a study on how and where personas -- defined by distinct sets of human characteristics, values, and beliefs -- are encoded in the representation space of large language models (LLMs). Using a range of dimension reduction and pattern recognition methods, we first identify the model layers that show the greatest divergence in encoding these representations. We then analyze the activations within a selected layer to examine how specific personas are encoded relative to others, including their shared and distinct embedding spaces. We find that, across multiple pre-trained decoder-only LLMs, the analyzed personas show large differences in representation space only within the final third of the decoder layers. We observe overlapping activations for specific ethical perspectives -- such as moral nihilism and utilitarianism -- suggesting a degree of polysemy. In contrast, political ideologies like conservatism and liberalism appear to be represented in more distinct regions. These findings help to improve our understanding of how LLMs internally represent information and can inform future efforts in refining the modulation of specific human traits in LLM outputs. Warning: This paper includes potentially offensive sample statements.
title Localizing Persona Representations in LLMs
topic Computation and Language
Artificial Intelligence
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.24539