Balancing Profit and Fairness in Risk-Based Pricing Markets

Fuente: arXiv
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Autori principali: Thibodeau, Jesse, Nekoei, Hadi, Taïk, Afaf, Rajendran, Janarthanan, Farnadi, Golnoosh
Natura: Preprint
Pubblicazione: 2025
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author Thibodeau, Jesse
Nekoei, Hadi
Taïk, Afaf
Rajendran, Janarthanan
Farnadi, Golnoosh
author_facet Thibodeau, Jesse
Nekoei, Hadi
Taïk, Afaf
Rajendran, Janarthanan
Farnadi, Golnoosh
contents Dynamic, risk-based pricing can systematically exclude vulnerable consumer groups from essential resources such as health insurance and consumer credit. We show that a regulator can realign private incentives with social objectives through a learned, interpretable tax schedule. First, we provide a formal proposition that bounding each firm's \emph{local} demographic gap implicitly bounds the \emph{global} opt-out disparity, motivating firm-level penalties. Building on this insight we introduce \texttt{MarketSim} -- an open-source, scalable simulator of heterogeneous consumers and profit-maximizing firms -- and train a reinforcement learning (RL) social planner (SP) that selects a bracketed fairness-tax while remaining close to a simple linear prior via an $\mathcal{L}_1$ regularizer. The learned policy is thus both transparent and easily interpretable. In two empirically calibrated markets, i.e., U.S. health-insurance and consumer-credit, our planner simultaneously raises demand-fairness by up to $16\%$ relative to unregulated Free Market while outperforming a fixed linear schedule in terms of social welfare without explicit coordination. These results illustrate how AI-assisted regulation can convert a competitive social dilemma into a win-win equilibrium, providing a principled and practical framework for fairness-aware market oversight.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2506_00140
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Balancing Profit and Fairness in Risk-Based Pricing Markets
Thibodeau, Jesse
Nekoei, Hadi
Taïk, Afaf
Rajendran, Janarthanan
Farnadi, Golnoosh
Artificial Intelligence
Machine Learning
General Economics
Economics
Dynamic, risk-based pricing can systematically exclude vulnerable consumer groups from essential resources such as health insurance and consumer credit. We show that a regulator can realign private incentives with social objectives through a learned, interpretable tax schedule. First, we provide a formal proposition that bounding each firm's \emph{local} demographic gap implicitly bounds the \emph{global} opt-out disparity, motivating firm-level penalties. Building on this insight we introduce \texttt{MarketSim} -- an open-source, scalable simulator of heterogeneous consumers and profit-maximizing firms -- and train a reinforcement learning (RL) social planner (SP) that selects a bracketed fairness-tax while remaining close to a simple linear prior via an $\mathcal{L}_1$ regularizer. The learned policy is thus both transparent and easily interpretable. In two empirically calibrated markets, i.e., U.S. health-insurance and consumer-credit, our planner simultaneously raises demand-fairness by up to $16\%$ relative to unregulated Free Market while outperforming a fixed linear schedule in terms of social welfare without explicit coordination. These results illustrate how AI-assisted regulation can convert a competitive social dilemma into a win-win equilibrium, providing a principled and practical framework for fairness-aware market oversight.
title Balancing Profit and Fairness in Risk-Based Pricing Markets
topic Artificial Intelligence
Machine Learning
General Economics
Economics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.00140