The Hidden Language of Harm: Examining the Role of Emojis in Harmful Online Communication and Content Moderation

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Zhou, Yuhang, Xiao, Yimin, Ai, Wei, Gao, Ge
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Zhou, Yuhang
Xiao, Yimin
Ai, Wei
Gao, Ge
author_facet Zhou, Yuhang
Xiao, Yimin
Ai, Wei
Gao, Ge
contents Social media platforms have become central to modern communication, yet they also harbor offensive content that challenges platform safety and inclusivity. While prior research has primarily focused on textual indicators of offense, the role of emojis, ubiquitous visual elements in online discourse, remains underexplored. Emojis, despite being rarely offensive in isolation, can acquire harmful meanings through symbolic associations, sarcasm, and contextual misuse. In this work, we systematically examine emoji contributions to offensive Twitter messages, analyzing their distribution across offense categories and how users exploit emoji ambiguity. To address this, we propose an LLM-powered, multi-step moderation pipeline that selectively replaces harmful emojis while preserving the tweet's semantic intent. Human evaluations confirm our approach effectively reduces perceived offensiveness without sacrificing meaning. Our analysis also reveals heterogeneous effects across offense types, offering nuanced insights for online communication and emoji moderation.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2506_00583
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle The Hidden Language of Harm: Examining the Role of Emojis in Harmful Online Communication and Content Moderation
Zhou, Yuhang
Xiao, Yimin
Ai, Wei
Gao, Ge
Computation and Language
Computers and Society
Human-Computer Interaction
Social media platforms have become central to modern communication, yet they also harbor offensive content that challenges platform safety and inclusivity. While prior research has primarily focused on textual indicators of offense, the role of emojis, ubiquitous visual elements in online discourse, remains underexplored. Emojis, despite being rarely offensive in isolation, can acquire harmful meanings through symbolic associations, sarcasm, and contextual misuse. In this work, we systematically examine emoji contributions to offensive Twitter messages, analyzing their distribution across offense categories and how users exploit emoji ambiguity. To address this, we propose an LLM-powered, multi-step moderation pipeline that selectively replaces harmful emojis while preserving the tweet's semantic intent. Human evaluations confirm our approach effectively reduces perceived offensiveness without sacrificing meaning. Our analysis also reveals heterogeneous effects across offense types, offering nuanced insights for online communication and emoji moderation.
title The Hidden Language of Harm: Examining the Role of Emojis in Harmful Online Communication and Content Moderation
topic Computation and Language
Computers and Society
Human-Computer Interaction
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.00583