A Foundation Model for Non-Destructive Defect Identification from Vibrational Spectra

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Cheng, Mouyang, Fu, Chu-Liang, Yu, Bowen, Rha, Eunbi, Chotrattanapituk, Abhijatmedhi, Abernathy, Douglas L, Cheng, Yongqiang, Li, Mingda
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Cheng, Mouyang
Fu, Chu-Liang
Yu, Bowen
Rha, Eunbi
Chotrattanapituk, Abhijatmedhi
Abernathy, Douglas L
Cheng, Yongqiang
Li, Mingda
author_facet Cheng, Mouyang
Fu, Chu-Liang
Yu, Bowen
Rha, Eunbi
Chotrattanapituk, Abhijatmedhi
Abernathy, Douglas L
Cheng, Yongqiang
Li, Mingda
contents Defects are ubiquitous in solids and strongly influence materials' mechanical and functional properties. However, non-destructive characterization and quantification of defects, especially when multiple types coexist, remain a long-standing challenge. Here we introduce DefectNet, a foundation machine learning model that predicts the chemical identity and concentration of substitutional point defects with multiple coexisting elements directly from vibrational spectra, specifically phonon density-of-states (PDoS). Trained on over 16,000 simulated spectra from 2,000 semiconductors, DefectNet employs a tailored attention mechanism to identify up to six distinct defect elements at concentrations ranging from 0.2% to 25%. The model generalizes well to unseen crystals across 56 elements and can be fine-tuned on experimental data. Validation using inelastic scattering measurements of SiGe alloys and MgB$_2$ superconductor demonstrates its accuracy and transferability. Our work establishes vibrational spectroscopy as a viable, non-destructive probe for point defect quantification in bulk materials, and highlights the promise of foundation models in data-driven defect engineering.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2506_00725
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle A Foundation Model for Non-Destructive Defect Identification from Vibrational Spectra
Cheng, Mouyang
Fu, Chu-Liang
Yu, Bowen
Rha, Eunbi
Chotrattanapituk, Abhijatmedhi
Abernathy, Douglas L
Cheng, Yongqiang
Li, Mingda
Materials Science
Machine Learning
Defects are ubiquitous in solids and strongly influence materials' mechanical and functional properties. However, non-destructive characterization and quantification of defects, especially when multiple types coexist, remain a long-standing challenge. Here we introduce DefectNet, a foundation machine learning model that predicts the chemical identity and concentration of substitutional point defects with multiple coexisting elements directly from vibrational spectra, specifically phonon density-of-states (PDoS). Trained on over 16,000 simulated spectra from 2,000 semiconductors, DefectNet employs a tailored attention mechanism to identify up to six distinct defect elements at concentrations ranging from 0.2% to 25%. The model generalizes well to unseen crystals across 56 elements and can be fine-tuned on experimental data. Validation using inelastic scattering measurements of SiGe alloys and MgB$_2$ superconductor demonstrates its accuracy and transferability. Our work establishes vibrational spectroscopy as a viable, non-destructive probe for point defect quantification in bulk materials, and highlights the promise of foundation models in data-driven defect engineering.
title A Foundation Model for Non-Destructive Defect Identification from Vibrational Spectra
topic Materials Science
Machine Learning
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.00725