Balancing Beyond Discrete Categories: Continuous Demographic Labels for Fair Face Recognition

Fuente: arXiv
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Autores principales: Neto, Pedro C., Damer, Naser, Cardoso, Jaime S., Sequeira, Ana F.
Formato: Preprint
Publicado: 2025
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author Neto, Pedro C.
Damer, Naser
Cardoso, Jaime S.
Sequeira, Ana F.
author_facet Neto, Pedro C.
Damer, Naser
Cardoso, Jaime S.
Sequeira, Ana F.
contents Bias has been a constant in face recognition models. Over the years, researchers have looked at it from both the model and the data point of view. However, their approach to mitigation of data bias was limited and lacked insight on the real nature of the problem. Here, in this document, we propose to revise our use of ethnicity labels as a continuous variable instead of a discrete value per identity. We validate our formulation both experimentally and theoretically, showcasing that not all identities from one ethnicity contribute equally to the balance of the dataset; thus, having the same number of identities per ethnicity does not represent a balanced dataset. We further show that models trained on datasets balanced in the continuous space consistently outperform models trained on data balanced in the discrete space. We trained more than 65 different models, and created more than 20 subsets of the original datasets.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2506_01532
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Balancing Beyond Discrete Categories: Continuous Demographic Labels for Fair Face Recognition
Neto, Pedro C.
Damer, Naser
Cardoso, Jaime S.
Sequeira, Ana F.
Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Bias has been a constant in face recognition models. Over the years, researchers have looked at it from both the model and the data point of view. However, their approach to mitigation of data bias was limited and lacked insight on the real nature of the problem. Here, in this document, we propose to revise our use of ethnicity labels as a continuous variable instead of a discrete value per identity. We validate our formulation both experimentally and theoretically, showcasing that not all identities from one ethnicity contribute equally to the balance of the dataset; thus, having the same number of identities per ethnicity does not represent a balanced dataset. We further show that models trained on datasets balanced in the continuous space consistently outperform models trained on data balanced in the discrete space. We trained more than 65 different models, and created more than 20 subsets of the original datasets.
title Balancing Beyond Discrete Categories: Continuous Demographic Labels for Fair Face Recognition
topic Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.01532