Explainable AI Systems Must Be Contestable: Here's How to Make It Happen

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Moreira, Catarina, Palatkina, Anna, Braca, Dacia, Walsh, Dylan M., Leihn, Peter J., Chen, Fang, Hubig, Nina C.
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Moreira, Catarina
Palatkina, Anna
Braca, Dacia
Walsh, Dylan M.
Leihn, Peter J.
Chen, Fang
Hubig, Nina C.
author_facet Moreira, Catarina
Palatkina, Anna
Braca, Dacia
Walsh, Dylan M.
Leihn, Peter J.
Chen, Fang
Hubig, Nina C.
contents As AI regulations around the world intensify their focus on system safety, contestability has become a mandatory, yet ill-defined, safeguard. In XAI, "contestability" remains an empty promise: no formal definition exists, no algorithm guarantees it, and practitioners lack concrete guidance to satisfy regulatory requirements. Grounded in a systematic literature review, this paper presents the first rigorous formal definition of contestability in explainable AI, directly aligned with stakeholder requirements and regulatory mandates. We introduce a modular framework of by-design and post-hoc mechanisms spanning human-centered interfaces, technical architectures, legal processes, and organizational workflows. To operationalize our framework, we propose the Contestability Assessment Scale, a composite metric built on more than twenty quantitative criteria. Through multiple case studies across diverse application domains, we reveal where state-of-the-art systems fall short and show how our framework drives targeted improvements. By converting contestability from regulatory theory into a practical framework, our work equips practitioners with the tools to embed genuine recourse and accountability into AI systems.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2506_01662
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Explainable AI Systems Must Be Contestable: Here's How to Make It Happen
Moreira, Catarina
Palatkina, Anna
Braca, Dacia
Walsh, Dylan M.
Leihn, Peter J.
Chen, Fang
Hubig, Nina C.
Computers and Society
Artificial Intelligence
Machine Learning
As AI regulations around the world intensify their focus on system safety, contestability has become a mandatory, yet ill-defined, safeguard. In XAI, "contestability" remains an empty promise: no formal definition exists, no algorithm guarantees it, and practitioners lack concrete guidance to satisfy regulatory requirements. Grounded in a systematic literature review, this paper presents the first rigorous formal definition of contestability in explainable AI, directly aligned with stakeholder requirements and regulatory mandates. We introduce a modular framework of by-design and post-hoc mechanisms spanning human-centered interfaces, technical architectures, legal processes, and organizational workflows. To operationalize our framework, we propose the Contestability Assessment Scale, a composite metric built on more than twenty quantitative criteria. Through multiple case studies across diverse application domains, we reveal where state-of-the-art systems fall short and show how our framework drives targeted improvements. By converting contestability from regulatory theory into a practical framework, our work equips practitioners with the tools to embed genuine recourse and accountability into AI systems.
title Explainable AI Systems Must Be Contestable: Here's How to Make It Happen
topic Computers and Society
Artificial Intelligence
Machine Learning
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.01662