E3D-Bench: A Benchmark for End-to-End 3D Geometric Foundation Models

Fuente: arXiv
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Autori principali: Cong, Wenyan, Liang, Yiqing, Zhang, Yancheng, Yang, Ziyi, Wang, Yan, Ivanovic, Boris, Pavone, Marco, Chen, Chen, Wang, Zhangyang, Fan, Zhiwen
Natura: Preprint
Pubblicazione: 2025
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author Cong, Wenyan
Liang, Yiqing
Zhang, Yancheng
Yang, Ziyi
Wang, Yan
Ivanovic, Boris
Pavone, Marco
Chen, Chen
Wang, Zhangyang
Fan, Zhiwen
author_facet Cong, Wenyan
Liang, Yiqing
Zhang, Yancheng
Yang, Ziyi
Wang, Yan
Ivanovic, Boris
Pavone, Marco
Chen, Chen
Wang, Zhangyang
Fan, Zhiwen
contents Spatial intelligence, encompassing 3D reconstruction, perception, and reasoning, is fundamental to applications such as robotics, aerial imaging, and extended reality. A key enabler is the real-time, accurate estimation of core 3D attributes (camera parameters, point clouds, depth maps, and 3D point tracks) from unstructured or streaming imagery. Inspired by the success of large foundation models in language and 2D vision, a new class of end-to-end 3D geometric foundation models (GFMs) has emerged, directly predicting dense 3D representations in a single feed-forward pass, eliminating the need for slow or unavailable precomputed camera parameters. Since late 2023, the field has exploded with diverse variants, but systematic evaluation is lacking. In this work, we present the first comprehensive benchmark for 3D GFMs, covering five core tasks: sparse-view depth estimation, video depth estimation, 3D reconstruction, multi-view pose estimation, novel view synthesis, and spanning both standard and challenging out-of-distribution datasets. Our standardized toolkit automates dataset handling, evaluation protocols, and metric computation to ensure fair, reproducible comparisons. We evaluate 16 state-of-the-art GFMs, revealing their strengths and limitations across tasks and domains, and derive key insights to guide future model scaling and optimization. All code, evaluation scripts, and processed data will be publicly released to accelerate research in 3D spatial intelligence.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2506_01933
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle E3D-Bench: A Benchmark for End-to-End 3D Geometric Foundation Models
Cong, Wenyan
Liang, Yiqing
Zhang, Yancheng
Yang, Ziyi
Wang, Yan
Ivanovic, Boris
Pavone, Marco
Chen, Chen
Wang, Zhangyang
Fan, Zhiwen
Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Spatial intelligence, encompassing 3D reconstruction, perception, and reasoning, is fundamental to applications such as robotics, aerial imaging, and extended reality. A key enabler is the real-time, accurate estimation of core 3D attributes (camera parameters, point clouds, depth maps, and 3D point tracks) from unstructured or streaming imagery. Inspired by the success of large foundation models in language and 2D vision, a new class of end-to-end 3D geometric foundation models (GFMs) has emerged, directly predicting dense 3D representations in a single feed-forward pass, eliminating the need for slow or unavailable precomputed camera parameters. Since late 2023, the field has exploded with diverse variants, but systematic evaluation is lacking. In this work, we present the first comprehensive benchmark for 3D GFMs, covering five core tasks: sparse-view depth estimation, video depth estimation, 3D reconstruction, multi-view pose estimation, novel view synthesis, and spanning both standard and challenging out-of-distribution datasets. Our standardized toolkit automates dataset handling, evaluation protocols, and metric computation to ensure fair, reproducible comparisons. We evaluate 16 state-of-the-art GFMs, revealing their strengths and limitations across tasks and domains, and derive key insights to guide future model scaling and optimization. All code, evaluation scripts, and processed data will be publicly released to accelerate research in 3D spatial intelligence.
title E3D-Bench: A Benchmark for End-to-End 3D Geometric Foundation Models
topic Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.01933