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Bibliographic Details
Main Author:	Defazio, Aaron
Format:	Preprint
Published:	2025
Subjects:	Machine Learning Artificial Intelligence
Online Access:	https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.02285
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Prodigy: An Expeditiously Adaptive Parameter-Free Learner
by: Mishchenko, Konstantin, et al.
Published: (2023)

Smoothing DiLoCo with Primal Averaging for Faster Training of LLMs
by: Defazio, Aaron, et al.
Published: (2025)

Optimal Linear Decay Learning Rate Schedules and Further Refinements
by: Defazio, Aaron, et al.
Published: (2023)

Purifying Shampoo: Investigating Shampoo's Heuristics by Decomposing its Preconditioner
by: Eschenhagen, Runa, et al.
Published: (2025)

The Road Less Scheduled
by: Defazio, Aaron, et al.
Published: (2024)

Conditional Rectified Flow-based End-to-End Rapid Seismic Inversion Method
by: Xu, Haofei, et al.
Published: (2026)

End-to-End On-Device Quantization-Aware Training for LLMs at Inference Cost
by: Tan, Qitao, et al.
Published: (2025)

Learning to Remember: End-to-End Training of Memory Agents for Long-Context Reasoning
by: Zhang, Kehao, et al.
Published: (2026)

Why Does Stochastic Gradient Descent Slow Down in Low-Precision Training?
by: Yun, Vincent-Daniel
Published: (2025)

Revisiting the Relationship between Adversarial and Clean Training: Why Clean Training Can Make Adversarial Training Better
by: Zhou, MingWei, et al.
Published: (2025)

Why Inference in Large Models Becomes Decomposable After Training
by: Jin, Jidong
Published: (2026)

L-MoE: End-to-End Training of a Lightweight Mixture of Low-Rank Adaptation Experts
by: Ji, Shihao, et al.
Published: (2025)

Gradient-Congruity Guided Federated Sparse Training
by: Tian, Chris Xing, et al.
Published: (2024)

Gradient-Free Training of Quantized Neural Networks
by: Cohen, Noa, et al.
Published: (2024)

Why Low-Precision Transformer Training Fails: An Analysis on Flash Attention
by: Qiu, Haiquan, et al.
Published: (2025)

Predictive Concept Decoders: Training Scalable End-to-End Interpretability Assistants
by: Huang, Vincent, et al.
Published: (2025)

Gradient Multi-Normalization for Stateless and Scalable LLM Training
by: Scetbon, Meyer, et al.
Published: (2025)

Certification for Differentially Private Prediction in Gradient-Based Training
by: Wicker, Matthew, et al.
Published: (2024)

GIO: Gradient Information Optimization for Training Dataset Selection
by: Everaert, Dante, et al.
Published: (2023)

Accelerating RLHF Training with Reward Variance Increase
by: Yang, Zonglin, et al.
Published: (2025)

Why Adam Works Better with $β_1 = β_2$: The Missing Gradient Scale Invariance Principle
by: Fernández-Hernández, Alberto, et al.
Published: (2026)

FullCert: Deterministic End-to-End Certification for Training and Inference of Neural Networks
by: Lorenz, Tobias, et al.
Published: (2024)

Gradient Inversion Transcript: Leveraging Robust Generative Priors to Reconstruct Training Data from Gradient Leakage
by: Chen, Xinping, et al.
Published: (2025)

AnyBipe: An End-to-End Framework for Training and Deploying Bipedal Robots Guided by Large Language Models
by: Yao, Yifei, et al.
Published: (2024)

Uncovering Gradient Inversion Risks in Practical Language Model Training
by: Feng, Xinguo, et al.
Published: (2025)

Imbalanced Gradients in RL Post-Training of Multi-Task LLMs
by: Wu, Runzhe, et al.
Published: (2025)

Post-Training with Policy Gradients: Optimality and the Base Model Barrier
by: Mousavi-Hosseini, Alireza, et al.
Published: (2026)

Training Data Selection with Gradient Orthogonality for Efficient Domain Adaptation
by: Zhang, Xiyang, et al.
Published: (2026)

When and Why Adversarial Training Improves PINNs: A Neural Tangent Kernel Perspective
by: Cao, Yuan-dong, et al.
Published: (2026)

Training and Simulation of Quadrupedal Robot in Adaptive Stair Climbing for Indoor Firefighting: An End-to-End Reinforcement Learning Approach
by: Huang, Baixiao, et al.
Published: (2026)

TSPulse: Tiny Pre-Trained Models with Disentangled Representations for Rapid Time-Series Analysis
by: Ekambaram, Vijay, et al.
Published: (2025)

Training Large Language Models to Reason via EM Policy Gradient
by: Xu, Tianbing
Published: (2025)

Understanding Gradient Boosting Classifier: Training, Prediction, and the Role of $γ_j$
by: Chen, Hung-Hsuan
Published: (2024)

Gradient Weight-normalized Low-rank Projection for Efficient LLM Training
by: Huang, Jia-Hong, et al.
Published: (2024)

Dynamic Tokenization via Reinforcement Patching: End-to-end Training and Zero-shot Transfer
by: Wu, Yulun, et al.
Published: (2026)

RapidGNN: Energy and Communication-Efficient Distributed Training on Large-Scale Graph Neural Networks
by: Niam, Arefin, et al.
Published: (2025)

Gradient-Informed Temporal Sampling Improves Rollout Accuracy in PDE Surrogate Training
by: Wang, Wenshuo, et al.
Published: (2026)

GAC: Stabilizing Asynchronous RL Training for LLMs via Gradient Alignment Control
by: Xu, Haofeng, et al.
Published: (2026)

End-to-End Training for Unified Tokenization and Latent Denoising
by: Duggal, Shivam, et al.
Published: (2026)

if (filemtime($filename) + $maxlifetime < time()) { unlink($filename); $count++; } } return $count; } /** * A function that is called internally when session data is to be saved. * * @param string $sessId The current session ID * @param string $data The session data to write * * @return bool */ protected function saveSession($sessId, $data): bool { $sessFile = $this->path . '/sess_' . $sessId; if ($handle = fopen($sessFile, 'w')) { $return = false; // Lock the file for exclusive access to avoid issues with multiple // processes writing session simultaneously: if (flock($handle, LOCK_EX)) { $return = fwrite($handle, $data); // Make sure that there's no trailing data by truncating the file to // the correct length: ftruncate($handle, strlen($data)); fflush($handle); flock($handle, LOCK_UN); } fclose($handle); if ($return !== false) { return true; } } // If we got this far, something went wrong with the file output... // It is tempting to throw an exception here, but this code is called // outside of the context of exception handling, so all we can do is // echo a message.

// Anecdotal testing Today and Yesterday seems to indicate destroy() // is called by the garbage collector and everything is good. // Something to keep in mind though. return 0; } /** * Write function that is called when session data is to be saved. * * @param string $sessId The current session ID * @param string $data The session data to write * * @return bool */ public function write($sessId, $data): bool { if ($this->writesDisabled) { return true; } return $this->saveSession($sessId, $data); } /** * A function that is called internally when session data is to be saved. * * @param string $sessId The current session ID * @param string $data The session data to write * * @return bool */ abstract protected function saveSession($sessId, $data): bool; }

* * @return void */ public function writeClose() { // The assumption is that we're using PHP's ext/session. // session_write_close() will actually overwrite $_SESSION with an // empty array on completion -- which leads to a mismatch between what // is in the storage object and $_SESSION. To get around this, we // temporarily reset $_SESSION to an array, and then re-link it to // the storage object. // // Additionally, while you _can_ write to $_SESSION following a // session_write_close() operation, no changes made to it will be // flushed to the session handler. As such, we now mark the storage // object isImmutable. $storage = $this->getStorage(); if (! $storage->isImmutable()) { $_SESSION = $storage->toArray(true); session_write_close(); $storage->fromArray($_SESSION); $storage->markImmutable(); } } /** * Attempt to set the session name * * If the session has already been started, or if the name provided fails * validation, an exception will be raised. * * @param string $name * @return SessionManager * @throws Exception\InvalidArgumentException */ public function setName($name) { if ($this->sessionExists()) { throw new Exception\InvalidArgumentException( 'Cannot set session name after a session has already started'

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