Attention vs Choice in Welfare Take-Up: What Works for WIC?

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Wang, Lei Bill, Ahn, Sooa
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Wang, Lei Bill
Ahn, Sooa
author_facet Wang, Lei Bill
Ahn, Sooa
contents Incomplete take-up of welfare benefits remains a major policy puzzle. This paper decomposes the causes of incomplete welfare take-up into two mechanisms: inattention, where households do not consider program participation, and active choice, where households consider participation but find it not worthwhile. To capture these two mechanisms, we model households' take-up decision as a two-stage process: attention followed by choice. Applied to NLSY97 data on the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC), our model reveals substantial household-level heterogeneity in both attention and choice probabilities. Furthermore, counterfactual simulations predict that choice-nudging policies outperform attention-boosting policies. We test this prediction using data from the WIC2Five pilot program that sent choice-nudging and attention-boosting text messages to different households. Consistent with the counterfactual prediction, choice-nudging messages increased retention much more effectively than attention-boosting messages.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2506_03457
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Attention vs Choice in Welfare Take-Up: What Works for WIC?
Wang, Lei Bill
Ahn, Sooa
General Economics
Economics
Incomplete take-up of welfare benefits remains a major policy puzzle. This paper decomposes the causes of incomplete welfare take-up into two mechanisms: inattention, where households do not consider program participation, and active choice, where households consider participation but find it not worthwhile. To capture these two mechanisms, we model households' take-up decision as a two-stage process: attention followed by choice. Applied to NLSY97 data on the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC), our model reveals substantial household-level heterogeneity in both attention and choice probabilities. Furthermore, counterfactual simulations predict that choice-nudging policies outperform attention-boosting policies. We test this prediction using data from the WIC2Five pilot program that sent choice-nudging and attention-boosting text messages to different households. Consistent with the counterfactual prediction, choice-nudging messages increased retention much more effectively than attention-boosting messages.
title Attention vs Choice in Welfare Take-Up: What Works for WIC?
topic General Economics
Economics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.03457