Security analysis of orthogonal state attack on a high-speed quantum key distribution system

Fuente: arXiv
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Autori principali: Su, Jialei, Peng, Qingquan, Chen, Jia-lin, Lu, Feng-yu, Chen, Zihao, Liu, Junxuan, He, De-yong, Wang, Shuang, Huang, Anqi
Natura: Preprint
Pubblicazione: 2025
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author Su, Jialei
Peng, Qingquan
Chen, Jia-lin
Lu, Feng-yu
Chen, Zihao
Liu, Junxuan
He, De-yong
Wang, Shuang
Huang, Anqi
author_facet Su, Jialei
Peng, Qingquan
Chen, Jia-lin
Lu, Feng-yu
Chen, Zihao
Liu, Junxuan
He, De-yong
Wang, Shuang
Huang, Anqi
contents High-speed quantum key distribution (QKD) systems have achieved repetition frequencies above gigahertz through advanced technologies and devices, laying an important foundation for the deployment of high-key-rate QKD system. Although these advanced systems may introduce potential loopholes, an eavesdropper Eve is challenging to exploit them by performing the intercept-resend attacks due to the limited time window under high repetition frequency. However, here, we propose a security analysis model of orthogonal state attacks that do not require intercept-resend operation on the key rate of a QKD system. Under this framework, we propose a muted attack and experimentally verify the feasibility of the attack using a 1 GHz single-photon avalanche detector (SPAD). By sending hundreds of photons each time, Eve can mute Bob's SPADs to control the overall detection response of the QKD receiver, allowing her to learn nearly all the keys. Furthermore, we use this security model to simulate the overestimated key rates of the QKD system under orthogonal state attacks, including both the muted attack and the dead-time attack. This work theoretically and experimentally shows a timely case of the security vulnerability in the high-speed QKD system.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2506_03718
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Security analysis of orthogonal state attack on a high-speed quantum key distribution system
Su, Jialei
Peng, Qingquan
Chen, Jia-lin
Lu, Feng-yu
Chen, Zihao
Liu, Junxuan
He, De-yong
Wang, Shuang
Huang, Anqi
Quantum Physics
High-speed quantum key distribution (QKD) systems have achieved repetition frequencies above gigahertz through advanced technologies and devices, laying an important foundation for the deployment of high-key-rate QKD system. Although these advanced systems may introduce potential loopholes, an eavesdropper Eve is challenging to exploit them by performing the intercept-resend attacks due to the limited time window under high repetition frequency. However, here, we propose a security analysis model of orthogonal state attacks that do not require intercept-resend operation on the key rate of a QKD system. Under this framework, we propose a muted attack and experimentally verify the feasibility of the attack using a 1 GHz single-photon avalanche detector (SPAD). By sending hundreds of photons each time, Eve can mute Bob's SPADs to control the overall detection response of the QKD receiver, allowing her to learn nearly all the keys. Furthermore, we use this security model to simulate the overestimated key rates of the QKD system under orthogonal state attacks, including both the muted attack and the dead-time attack. This work theoretically and experimentally shows a timely case of the security vulnerability in the high-speed QKD system.
title Security analysis of orthogonal state attack on a high-speed quantum key distribution system
topic Quantum Physics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.03718