Quasioptic, Calibrated, Full 2-port Measurements of Cryogenic Devices under Vacuum in the 220-330 GHz Band
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2025
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| _version_ | 1866909918618976256 |
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| author | Masyukov, Maxim Tamminen, Aleksi Nefedova, Irina Generalov, Andrey Pälli, Samu-Ville Grigorev, Roman Rezapoor, Pouyan Silva, Rui Mallat, Juha Ala-Laurinaho, Juha Taylor, Zachary |
| author_facet | Masyukov, Maxim Tamminen, Aleksi Nefedova, Irina Generalov, Andrey Pälli, Samu-Ville Grigorev, Roman Rezapoor, Pouyan Silva, Rui Mallat, Juha Ala-Laurinaho, Juha Taylor, Zachary |
| contents | A quasi-optical (QO) test bench was designed, simulated, and calibrated for characterizing S-parameters of devices in the 220-330 GHz (WR-3.4) frequency range, from room temperature down to 4.8 K. The devices were measured through vacuum windows via focused beam radiation. A de-embedding method employing line-reflect-match (LRM) calibration was established to account for the effects of optical components and vacuum windows. The setup provides all four S-parameters with the reference plane located inside the cryostat, and achieves a return loss of 30 dB with an empty holder. System validation was performed with measurements of cryogenically cooled devices, such as bare silicon wafers and stainless-steel frequency-selective surface (FSS) bandpass filters, and superconducting bandpass FSS fabricated in niobium. A permittivity reduction of Si based on 4-GHz resonance shift was observed concomitant with a drop in temperature from 296 K to 4.8 K. The stainless steel FSS measurements revealed a relatively temperature invariant center frequency and return loss level of 263 GHz and 35 dB on average, respectively. Finally, a center frequency of 257 GHz was measured with the superconducting filters, with return loss improved by 7 dB on average at 4.8 K. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported attempt to scale LRM calibration to 330 GHz and use it to de-embed the impact of optics and cryostat from cryogenically cooled device S-parameters. |
| format | Preprint |
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arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2506_03824 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Quasioptic, Calibrated, Full 2-port Measurements of Cryogenic Devices under Vacuum in the 220-330 GHz Band Masyukov, Maxim Tamminen, Aleksi Nefedova, Irina Generalov, Andrey Pälli, Samu-Ville Grigorev, Roman Rezapoor, Pouyan Silva, Rui Mallat, Juha Ala-Laurinaho, Juha Taylor, Zachary Instrumentation and Detectors Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics Systems and Control A quasi-optical (QO) test bench was designed, simulated, and calibrated for characterizing S-parameters of devices in the 220-330 GHz (WR-3.4) frequency range, from room temperature down to 4.8 K. The devices were measured through vacuum windows via focused beam radiation. A de-embedding method employing line-reflect-match (LRM) calibration was established to account for the effects of optical components and vacuum windows. The setup provides all four S-parameters with the reference plane located inside the cryostat, and achieves a return loss of 30 dB with an empty holder. System validation was performed with measurements of cryogenically cooled devices, such as bare silicon wafers and stainless-steel frequency-selective surface (FSS) bandpass filters, and superconducting bandpass FSS fabricated in niobium. A permittivity reduction of Si based on 4-GHz resonance shift was observed concomitant with a drop in temperature from 296 K to 4.8 K. The stainless steel FSS measurements revealed a relatively temperature invariant center frequency and return loss level of 263 GHz and 35 dB on average, respectively. Finally, a center frequency of 257 GHz was measured with the superconducting filters, with return loss improved by 7 dB on average at 4.8 K. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported attempt to scale LRM calibration to 330 GHz and use it to de-embed the impact of optics and cryostat from cryogenically cooled device S-parameters. |
| title | Quasioptic, Calibrated, Full 2-port Measurements of Cryogenic Devices under Vacuum in the 220-330 GHz Band |
| topic | Instrumentation and Detectors Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics Systems and Control |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.03824 |