Quasioptic, Calibrated, Full 2-port Measurements of Cryogenic Devices under Vacuum in the 220-330 GHz Band

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Main Authors: Masyukov, Maxim, Tamminen, Aleksi, Nefedova, Irina, Generalov, Andrey, Pälli, Samu-Ville, Grigorev, Roman, Rezapoor, Pouyan, Silva, Rui, Mallat, Juha, Ala-Laurinaho, Juha, Taylor, Zachary
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Masyukov, Maxim
Tamminen, Aleksi
Nefedova, Irina
Generalov, Andrey
Pälli, Samu-Ville
Grigorev, Roman
Rezapoor, Pouyan
Silva, Rui
Mallat, Juha
Ala-Laurinaho, Juha
Taylor, Zachary
author_facet Masyukov, Maxim
Tamminen, Aleksi
Nefedova, Irina
Generalov, Andrey
Pälli, Samu-Ville
Grigorev, Roman
Rezapoor, Pouyan
Silva, Rui
Mallat, Juha
Ala-Laurinaho, Juha
Taylor, Zachary
contents A quasi-optical (QO) test bench was designed, simulated, and calibrated for characterizing S-parameters of devices in the 220-330 GHz (WR-3.4) frequency range, from room temperature down to 4.8 K. The devices were measured through vacuum windows via focused beam radiation. A de-embedding method employing line-reflect-match (LRM) calibration was established to account for the effects of optical components and vacuum windows. The setup provides all four S-parameters with the reference plane located inside the cryostat, and achieves a return loss of 30 dB with an empty holder. System validation was performed with measurements of cryogenically cooled devices, such as bare silicon wafers and stainless-steel frequency-selective surface (FSS) bandpass filters, and superconducting bandpass FSS fabricated in niobium. A permittivity reduction of Si based on 4-GHz resonance shift was observed concomitant with a drop in temperature from 296 K to 4.8 K. The stainless steel FSS measurements revealed a relatively temperature invariant center frequency and return loss level of 263 GHz and 35 dB on average, respectively. Finally, a center frequency of 257 GHz was measured with the superconducting filters, with return loss improved by 7 dB on average at 4.8 K. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported attempt to scale LRM calibration to 330 GHz and use it to de-embed the impact of optics and cryostat from cryogenically cooled device S-parameters.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2506_03824
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Quasioptic, Calibrated, Full 2-port Measurements of Cryogenic Devices under Vacuum in the 220-330 GHz Band
Masyukov, Maxim
Tamminen, Aleksi
Nefedova, Irina
Generalov, Andrey
Pälli, Samu-Ville
Grigorev, Roman
Rezapoor, Pouyan
Silva, Rui
Mallat, Juha
Ala-Laurinaho, Juha
Taylor, Zachary
Instrumentation and Detectors
Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Systems and Control
A quasi-optical (QO) test bench was designed, simulated, and calibrated for characterizing S-parameters of devices in the 220-330 GHz (WR-3.4) frequency range, from room temperature down to 4.8 K. The devices were measured through vacuum windows via focused beam radiation. A de-embedding method employing line-reflect-match (LRM) calibration was established to account for the effects of optical components and vacuum windows. The setup provides all four S-parameters with the reference plane located inside the cryostat, and achieves a return loss of 30 dB with an empty holder. System validation was performed with measurements of cryogenically cooled devices, such as bare silicon wafers and stainless-steel frequency-selective surface (FSS) bandpass filters, and superconducting bandpass FSS fabricated in niobium. A permittivity reduction of Si based on 4-GHz resonance shift was observed concomitant with a drop in temperature from 296 K to 4.8 K. The stainless steel FSS measurements revealed a relatively temperature invariant center frequency and return loss level of 263 GHz and 35 dB on average, respectively. Finally, a center frequency of 257 GHz was measured with the superconducting filters, with return loss improved by 7 dB on average at 4.8 K. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported attempt to scale LRM calibration to 330 GHz and use it to de-embed the impact of optics and cryostat from cryogenically cooled device S-parameters.
title Quasioptic, Calibrated, Full 2-port Measurements of Cryogenic Devices under Vacuum in the 220-330 GHz Band
topic Instrumentation and Detectors
Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Systems and Control
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.03824