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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors:	Liu, Geng, Feng, Li, Bono, Carlo Alberto, Yang, Songbo, Zhu, Mengxiao, Pierri, Francesco
Format:	Preprint
Published:	2025
Subjects:	Computers and Society
Online Access:	https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.04975
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Evaluating Reliability Asymmetries in Chinese Factual Search and AI Answers
by: Liu, Geng, et al.
Published: (2025)

Analyzing the Safety of Japanese Large Language Models in Stereotype-Triggering Prompts
by: Nakanishi, Akito, et al.
Published: (2025)

Probing Social Identity Bias in Chinese LLMs with Gendered Pronouns and Social Groups
by: Liu, Geng, et al.
Published: (2025)

Evaluating open-source Large Language Models for automated fact-checking
by: Fontana, Nicolo', et al.
Published: (2025)

Static and Dynamic Strategies for Influencing Opinions in Social Networks
by: Tarantino, Paolo, et al.
Published: (2026)

Nicer Than Humans: How do Large Language Models Behave in the Prisoner's Dilemma?
by: Fontana, Nicoló, et al.
Published: (2024)

Do Androids Dream of Unseen Puppeteers? Probing for a Conspiracy Mindset in Large Language Models
by: Corso, Francesco, et al.
Published: (2025)

A comparison of online search engine autocompletion in Google and Baidu
by: Liu, Geng, et al.
Published: (2024)

Bias and Volatility: A Statistical Framework for Evaluating Large Language Model's Stereotypes and the Associated Generation Inconsistency
by: Liu, Yiran, et al.
Published: (2024)

Evaluating AI capabilities in detecting conspiracy theories on YouTube
by: La Rocca, Leonardo, et al.
Published: (2025)

Towards an Automated Framework to Audit Youth Safety on TikTok
by: Xue, Linda, et al.
Published: (2025)

From Content to Audience: A Multimodal Annotation Framework for Broadcast Television Analytics
by: Cupini, Paolo, et al.
Published: (2026)

A Longitudinal Study of Italian and French Reddit Conversations Around the Russian Invasion of Ukraine
by: Corso, Francesco, et al.
Published: (2024)

$\texttt{ModSCAN}$: Measuring Stereotypical Bias in Large Vision-Language Models from Vision and Language Modalities
by: Jiang, Yukun, et al.
Published: (2024)

Among Us: Language of Conspiracy Theorists on Mainstream Reddit
by: Corso, Francesco, et al.
Published: (2025)

A Taxonomy of Stereotype Content in Large Language Models
by: Nicolas, Gandalf, et al.
Published: (2024)

Who is better at math, Jenny or Jingzhen? Uncovering Stereotypes in Large Language Models
by: Siddique, Zara, et al.
Published: (2024)

Addressing Stereotypes in Large Language Models: A Critical Examination and Mitigation
by: Kazi, Fatima
Published: (2025)

Effects of Algorithmic Visibility on Conspiracy Communities: Reddit after Epstein's 'Suicide'
by: Attanasio, Asja, et al.
Published: (2025)

Conspiracy theories and where to find them on TikTok
by: Corso, Francesco, et al.
Published: (2024)

What we can learn from TikTok through its Research API
by: Corso, Francesco, et al.
Published: (2024)

Evaluating Proactive Risk Awareness of Large Language Models
by: Luo, Xuan, et al.
Published: (2026)

Divine LLaMAs: Bias, Stereotypes, Stigmatization, and Emotion Representation of Religion in Large Language Models
by: Plaza-del-Arco, Flor Miriam, et al.
Published: (2024)

DECASTE: Unveiling Caste Stereotypes in Large Language Models through Multi-Dimensional Bias Analysis
by: Vijayaraghavan, Prashanth, et al.
Published: (2025)

An Empirical Investigation of Gender Stereotype Representation in Large Language Models: The Italian Case
by: Giachino, Gioele, et al.
Published: (2025)

SESGO: Spanish Evaluation of Stereotypical Generative Outputs
by: Robles, Melissa, et al.
Published: (2025)

SOTOPIA-$Ω$: Dynamic Strategy Injection Learning and Social Instruction Following Evaluation for Social Agents
by: Zhang, Wenyuan, et al.
Published: (2025)

Multilinguality at the Edge: Developing Language Models for the Global South
by: Miranda, Lester James V., et al.
Published: (2026)

Self-Debiasing Large Language Models: Zero-Shot Recognition and Reduction of Stereotypes
by: Gallegos, Isabel O., et al.
Published: (2024)

Culturally Grounded Personas in Large Language Models: Characterization and Alignment with Socio-Psychological Value Frameworks
by: Greco, Candida M., et al.
Published: (2026)

Safeguarding Efficacy in Large Language Models: Evaluating Resistance to Human-Written and Algorithmic Adversarial Prompts
by: Downey-Webb, Tiarnaigh, et al.
Published: (2025)

Self-moderation in the decentralized era: decoding blocking behavior on Bluesky
by: Bono, Carlo, et al.
Published: (2025)

A data-driven analysis of the impact of non-compliant individuals on epidemic diffusion in urban settings
by: Mazza, Fabio, et al.
Published: (2025)

Overreliance on AI in Information-seeking from Video Content
by: Møller, Anders Giovanni, et al.
Published: (2026)

Modeling the amplification of epidemic spread by individuals exposed to misinformation on social media
by: DeVerna, Matthew R., et al.
Published: (2024)

Student Perspectives on Using a Large Language Model (LLM) for an Assignment on Professional Ethics
by: Grande, Virginia, et al.
Published: (2024)

A Survey on Stereotype Detection in Natural Language Processing
by: Cignarella, Alessandra Teresa, et al.
Published: (2025)

Training-Free Cultural Alignment of Large Language Models via Persona Disagreement
by: Kiet, Huynh Trung, et al.
Published: (2026)

Moral Susceptibility and Robustness under Persona Role-Play in Large Language Models
by: Costa, Davi Bastos, et al.
Published: (2025)

if (filemtime($filename) + $maxlifetime < time()) { unlink($filename); $count++; } } return $count; } /** * A function that is called internally when session data is to be saved. * * @param string $sessId The current session ID * @param string $data The session data to write * * @return bool */ protected function saveSession($sessId, $data): bool { $sessFile = $this->path . '/sess_' . $sessId; if ($handle = fopen($sessFile, 'w')) { $return = false; // Lock the file for exclusive access to avoid issues with multiple // processes writing session simultaneously: if (flock($handle, LOCK_EX)) { $return = fwrite($handle, $data); // Make sure that there's no trailing data by truncating the file to // the correct length: ftruncate($handle, strlen($data)); fflush($handle); flock($handle, LOCK_UN); } fclose($handle); if ($return !== false) { return true; } } // If we got this far, something went wrong with the file output... // It is tempting to throw an exception here, but this code is called // outside of the context of exception handling, so all we can do is // echo a message.

// Anecdotal testing Today and Yesterday seems to indicate destroy() // is called by the garbage collector and everything is good. // Something to keep in mind though. return 0; } /** * Write function that is called when session data is to be saved. * * @param string $sessId The current session ID * @param string $data The session data to write * * @return bool */ public function write($sessId, $data): bool { if ($this->writesDisabled) { return true; } return $this->saveSession($sessId, $data); } /** * A function that is called internally when session data is to be saved. * * @param string $sessId The current session ID * @param string $data The session data to write * * @return bool */ abstract protected function saveSession($sessId, $data): bool; }

* * @return void */ public function writeClose() { // The assumption is that we're using PHP's ext/session. // session_write_close() will actually overwrite $_SESSION with an // empty array on completion -- which leads to a mismatch between what // is in the storage object and $_SESSION. To get around this, we // temporarily reset $_SESSION to an array, and then re-link it to // the storage object. // // Additionally, while you _can_ write to $_SESSION following a // session_write_close() operation, no changes made to it will be // flushed to the session handler. As such, we now mark the storage // object isImmutable. $storage = $this->getStorage(); if (! $storage->isImmutable()) { $_SESSION = $storage->toArray(true); session_write_close(); $storage->fromArray($_SESSION); $storage->markImmutable(); } } /** * Attempt to set the session name * * If the session has already been started, or if the name provided fails * validation, an exception will be raised. * * @param string $name * @return SessionManager * @throws Exception\InvalidArgumentException */ public function setName($name) { if ($this->sessionExists()) { throw new Exception\InvalidArgumentException( 'Cannot set session name after a session has already started'

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