A Tractable Protocol for Detection-Loophole-Free Bell Tests over Long Distances

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Alwehaibi, Yazeed K., Mer, Ewan, Machado, Gerard J., Yu, Shang, Walmsley, Ian A., Patel, Raj B.
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Alwehaibi, Yazeed K.
Mer, Ewan
Machado, Gerard J.
Yu, Shang
Walmsley, Ian A.
Patel, Raj B.
author_facet Alwehaibi, Yazeed K.
Mer, Ewan
Machado, Gerard J.
Yu, Shang
Walmsley, Ian A.
Patel, Raj B.
contents Certifying genuine nonclassical correlations over long distances is crucial for device-independent (DI) quantum information protocols. However, in photonic platforms this remains technologically challenging due to photon loss, which opens the detection-loophole, rendering violations increasingly difficult for less efficient detectors. A well-known strategy to mitigate this involves using non-maximally entangled states, which Eberhard showed can tolerate lower detection efficiencies. However, existing proposals and demonstrations have been limited to short distances, as their success rates scale linearly with channel transmittance. Here, we propose a protocol to herald a tunable entangled state between distant users that achieves a post-selection-free Bell inequality violation at the Eberhard limit. We identify the loss independence of the vacuum component amplitude of the prepared state as the source of this enhancement. Notably, our scheme requires only quantum interference at a central station, followed by the detection of a single photon, preserving the optimal square-root scaling with channel transmittance. Our approach provides greater loss-tolerance in entanglement distribution, bringing long-distance DI applications closer to practical implementation.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2506_05048
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle A Tractable Protocol for Detection-Loophole-Free Bell Tests over Long Distances
Alwehaibi, Yazeed K.
Mer, Ewan
Machado, Gerard J.
Yu, Shang
Walmsley, Ian A.
Patel, Raj B.
Quantum Physics
Certifying genuine nonclassical correlations over long distances is crucial for device-independent (DI) quantum information protocols. However, in photonic platforms this remains technologically challenging due to photon loss, which opens the detection-loophole, rendering violations increasingly difficult for less efficient detectors. A well-known strategy to mitigate this involves using non-maximally entangled states, which Eberhard showed can tolerate lower detection efficiencies. However, existing proposals and demonstrations have been limited to short distances, as their success rates scale linearly with channel transmittance. Here, we propose a protocol to herald a tunable entangled state between distant users that achieves a post-selection-free Bell inequality violation at the Eberhard limit. We identify the loss independence of the vacuum component amplitude of the prepared state as the source of this enhancement. Notably, our scheme requires only quantum interference at a central station, followed by the detection of a single photon, preserving the optimal square-root scaling with channel transmittance. Our approach provides greater loss-tolerance in entanglement distribution, bringing long-distance DI applications closer to practical implementation.
title A Tractable Protocol for Detection-Loophole-Free Bell Tests over Long Distances
topic Quantum Physics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.05048