Intentionally Unintentional: GenAI Exceptionalism and the First Amendment

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Atkinson, David, Hwang, Jena D., Morrison, Jacob
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Atkinson, David
Hwang, Jena D.
Morrison, Jacob
author_facet Atkinson, David
Hwang, Jena D.
Morrison, Jacob
contents This paper challenges the assumption that courts should grant First Amendment protections to outputs from large generative AI models, such as GPT-4 and Gemini. We argue that because these models lack intentionality, their outputs do not constitute speech as understood in the context of established legal precedent, so there can be no speech to protect. Furthermore, if the model outputs are not speech, users cannot claim a First Amendment speech right to receive the outputs. We also argue that extending First Amendment rights to AI models would not serve the fundamental purposes of free speech, such as promoting a marketplace of ideas, facilitating self-governance, or fostering self-expression. In fact, granting First Amendment protections to AI models would be detrimental to society because it would hinder the government's ability to regulate these powerful technologies effectively, potentially leading to the unchecked spread of misinformation and other harms.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2506_05211
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Intentionally Unintentional: GenAI Exceptionalism and the First Amendment
Atkinson, David
Hwang, Jena D.
Morrison, Jacob
Computers and Society
Artificial Intelligence
This paper challenges the assumption that courts should grant First Amendment protections to outputs from large generative AI models, such as GPT-4 and Gemini. We argue that because these models lack intentionality, their outputs do not constitute speech as understood in the context of established legal precedent, so there can be no speech to protect. Furthermore, if the model outputs are not speech, users cannot claim a First Amendment speech right to receive the outputs. We also argue that extending First Amendment rights to AI models would not serve the fundamental purposes of free speech, such as promoting a marketplace of ideas, facilitating self-governance, or fostering self-expression. In fact, granting First Amendment protections to AI models would be detrimental to society because it would hinder the government's ability to regulate these powerful technologies effectively, potentially leading to the unchecked spread of misinformation and other harms.
title Intentionally Unintentional: GenAI Exceptionalism and the First Amendment
topic Computers and Society
Artificial Intelligence
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.05211