semantic-features: A User-Friendly Tool for Studying Contextual Word Embeddings in Interpretable Semantic Spaces

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Main Authors: Ranganathan, Jwalanthi, Jha, Rohan, Misra, Kanishka, Mahowald, Kyle
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Ranganathan, Jwalanthi
Jha, Rohan
Misra, Kanishka
Mahowald, Kyle
author_facet Ranganathan, Jwalanthi
Jha, Rohan
Misra, Kanishka
Mahowald, Kyle
contents We introduce semantic-features, an extensible, easy-to-use library based on Chronis et al. (2023) for studying contextualized word embeddings of LMs by projecting them into interpretable spaces. We apply this tool in an experiment where we measure the contextual effect of the choice of dative construction (prepositional or double object) on the semantic interpretation of utterances (Bresnan, 2007). Specifically, we test whether "London" in "I sent London the letter." is more likely to be interpreted as an animate referent (e.g., as the name of a person) than in "I sent the letter to London." To this end, we devise a dataset of 450 sentence pairs, one in each dative construction, with recipients being ambiguous with respect to person-hood vs. place-hood. By applying semantic-features, we show that the contextualized word embeddings of three masked language models show the expected sensitivities. This leaves us optimistic about the usefulness of our tool.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2506_06169
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle semantic-features: A User-Friendly Tool for Studying Contextual Word Embeddings in Interpretable Semantic Spaces
Ranganathan, Jwalanthi
Jha, Rohan
Misra, Kanishka
Mahowald, Kyle
Computation and Language
Artificial Intelligence
We introduce semantic-features, an extensible, easy-to-use library based on Chronis et al. (2023) for studying contextualized word embeddings of LMs by projecting them into interpretable spaces. We apply this tool in an experiment where we measure the contextual effect of the choice of dative construction (prepositional or double object) on the semantic interpretation of utterances (Bresnan, 2007). Specifically, we test whether "London" in "I sent London the letter." is more likely to be interpreted as an animate referent (e.g., as the name of a person) than in "I sent the letter to London." To this end, we devise a dataset of 450 sentence pairs, one in each dative construction, with recipients being ambiguous with respect to person-hood vs. place-hood. By applying semantic-features, we show that the contextualized word embeddings of three masked language models show the expected sensitivities. This leaves us optimistic about the usefulness of our tool.
title semantic-features: A User-Friendly Tool for Studying Contextual Word Embeddings in Interpretable Semantic Spaces
topic Computation and Language
Artificial Intelligence
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.06169