TOI-2407 b: a warm Neptune in the desert

Fuente: arXiv
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Autores principales: Muñoz, C. Janó, Hooton, M. J., Pedersen, P. P., Barkaoui, K., Rackham, B. V., Burgasser, A. J., Pozuelos, F. J., Stassun, K. G., Queloz, D., Triaud, A. H. M. J., Ziegler, C., Almenara, J. M., Timmermans, M., Bonfils, X., Collins, K. A., Demory, B. O., Dransfield, G., Ghachoui, M., Gillon, M., Jehin, E., Mann, A. W., Sebastian, D., Thompson, S., Twicken, J. D., Zúñiga-Fernández, J. de Wit S.
Formato: Preprint
Publicado: 2025
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author Muñoz, C. Janó
Hooton, M. J.
Pedersen, P. P.
Barkaoui, K.
Rackham, B. V.
Burgasser, A. J.
Pozuelos, F. J.
Stassun, K. G.
Queloz, D.
Triaud, A. H. M. J.
Ziegler, C.
Almenara, J. M.
Timmermans, M.
Bonfils, X.
Collins, K. A.
Demory, B. O.
Dransfield, G.
Ghachoui, M.
Gillon, M.
Jehin, E.
Mann, A. W.
Sebastian, D.
Thompson, S.
Twicken, J. D.
Zúñiga-Fernández, J. de Wit S.
author_facet Muñoz, C. Janó
Hooton, M. J.
Pedersen, P. P.
Barkaoui, K.
Rackham, B. V.
Burgasser, A. J.
Pozuelos, F. J.
Stassun, K. G.
Queloz, D.
Triaud, A. H. M. J.
Ziegler, C.
Almenara, J. M.
Timmermans, M.
Bonfils, X.
Collins, K. A.
Demory, B. O.
Dransfield, G.
Ghachoui, M.
Gillon, M.
Jehin, E.
Mann, A. W.
Sebastian, D.
Thompson, S.
Twicken, J. D.
Zúñiga-Fernández, J. de Wit S.
contents We present the validation of TOI-2407 b, a warm Neptune-sized planet with a radius of 4.26 $\pm$ 0.26 R$_\oplus$, orbiting an early M-type star with a period of 2.7 days and an equilibrium temperature of 705 $\pm$ 12 K. The planet was identified by TESS photometry and validated in this work through multi-wavelength ground-based follow-up observations. We include an observation with the novel CMOS-based infrared instrument SPIRIT at the SPECULOOS Southern Observatory. The high-precision transit data enabled by CMOS detectors underscore their potential for improving the detection and characterisation of exoplanets orbiting M-dwarfs, particularly in the infrared, where these stars emit most of their radiation. TOI-2407 b lies within the boundaries of the period-radius Neptune desert, an apparent scarcity of Neptune-sized planets at short orbits. Further characterisation of TOI-2407 b, such as radial velocity measurements, will refine its position within planetary demographic trends. This system also provides a comparison case for the well-studied Neptune-sized planet Gliese 436 b, of similar radius, period and stellar type. Comparison studies could aid the understanding of the formation and evolution of Neptune-like planets around M-dwarfs.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2506_06195
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle TOI-2407 b: a warm Neptune in the desert
Muñoz, C. Janó
Hooton, M. J.
Pedersen, P. P.
Barkaoui, K.
Rackham, B. V.
Burgasser, A. J.
Pozuelos, F. J.
Stassun, K. G.
Queloz, D.
Triaud, A. H. M. J.
Ziegler, C.
Almenara, J. M.
Timmermans, M.
Bonfils, X.
Collins, K. A.
Demory, B. O.
Dransfield, G.
Ghachoui, M.
Gillon, M.
Jehin, E.
Mann, A. W.
Sebastian, D.
Thompson, S.
Twicken, J. D.
Zúñiga-Fernández, J. de Wit S.
Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
We present the validation of TOI-2407 b, a warm Neptune-sized planet with a radius of 4.26 $\pm$ 0.26 R$_\oplus$, orbiting an early M-type star with a period of 2.7 days and an equilibrium temperature of 705 $\pm$ 12 K. The planet was identified by TESS photometry and validated in this work through multi-wavelength ground-based follow-up observations. We include an observation with the novel CMOS-based infrared instrument SPIRIT at the SPECULOOS Southern Observatory. The high-precision transit data enabled by CMOS detectors underscore their potential for improving the detection and characterisation of exoplanets orbiting M-dwarfs, particularly in the infrared, where these stars emit most of their radiation. TOI-2407 b lies within the boundaries of the period-radius Neptune desert, an apparent scarcity of Neptune-sized planets at short orbits. Further characterisation of TOI-2407 b, such as radial velocity measurements, will refine its position within planetary demographic trends. This system also provides a comparison case for the well-studied Neptune-sized planet Gliese 436 b, of similar radius, period and stellar type. Comparison studies could aid the understanding of the formation and evolution of Neptune-like planets around M-dwarfs.
title TOI-2407 b: a warm Neptune in the desert
topic Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.06195