Phase Diffusion of Light Immersed In Quantum Tides: Open Quantum System Approach

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Main Authors: Arani, Fateme Shojaei, Lamine, Brahim, Blanchard, Alain, Harouni, Malek Bagheri
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Arani, Fateme Shojaei
Lamine, Brahim
Blanchard, Alain
Harouni, Malek Bagheri
author_facet Arani, Fateme Shojaei
Lamine, Brahim
Blanchard, Alain
Harouni, Malek Bagheri
contents The interaction between quantum gravitational waves (GWs) and electromagnetic (EM) fields is investigated within the open quantum system formalism, where GWs are considered as a heat bath reservoir occupying a generic state $\hatρ_{\text{gws}}$. Following the quantum Langevin equations, it turns out that the correlations of the Langevin noise operator associated with the GW background directly determine the statistical properties of the EM phasor $ϕ(t)$. We apply this formalism to the background of inflationary-generated primordial gravitational waves (PGW). Since this background has an astronomically large correlation time, of the order of the Hubble time $H_0^{-1}$, we show that it leads to a non-Markovian dynamics of the EM field, which causes memory effects. As a result of the Gaussianity of PGW, it turns out that the EM phasor goes through a stochastic process, which is a manifestation of the fluctuation-dissipation in EM-GW system. The variance of the EM phase smears out as $Δ^2φ(t)= Δ^2φ_0+ 4(t/τ_c)^4$, where the characteristic time scale $τ_c$ is associated with the diffusion rate caused by PGWs. The specific quartic growth of the phase noise is thus attributed to the two-mode squeezed nature of PGWs, which is inherently different from the phase diffusion induced by vacuum fluctuations of spacetime or a thermal heat bath of gravitons.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2506_06922
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Phase Diffusion of Light Immersed In Quantum Tides: Open Quantum System Approach
Arani, Fateme Shojaei
Lamine, Brahim
Blanchard, Alain
Harouni, Malek Bagheri
General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
The interaction between quantum gravitational waves (GWs) and electromagnetic (EM) fields is investigated within the open quantum system formalism, where GWs are considered as a heat bath reservoir occupying a generic state $\hatρ_{\text{gws}}$. Following the quantum Langevin equations, it turns out that the correlations of the Langevin noise operator associated with the GW background directly determine the statistical properties of the EM phasor $ϕ(t)$. We apply this formalism to the background of inflationary-generated primordial gravitational waves (PGW). Since this background has an astronomically large correlation time, of the order of the Hubble time $H_0^{-1}$, we show that it leads to a non-Markovian dynamics of the EM field, which causes memory effects. As a result of the Gaussianity of PGW, it turns out that the EM phasor goes through a stochastic process, which is a manifestation of the fluctuation-dissipation in EM-GW system. The variance of the EM phase smears out as $Δ^2φ(t)= Δ^2φ_0+ 4(t/τ_c)^4$, where the characteristic time scale $τ_c$ is associated with the diffusion rate caused by PGWs. The specific quartic growth of the phase noise is thus attributed to the two-mode squeezed nature of PGWs, which is inherently different from the phase diffusion induced by vacuum fluctuations of spacetime or a thermal heat bath of gravitons.
title Phase Diffusion of Light Immersed In Quantum Tides: Open Quantum System Approach
topic General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.06922