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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Pyfrom, Joel R., Sun, Kai, Ma, Jihong A.
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.07048
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author Pyfrom, Joel R.
Sun, Kai
Ma, Jihong A.
author_facet Pyfrom, Joel R.
Sun, Kai
Ma, Jihong A.
contents Topological insulators exhibit boundary states protected by bulk band topology, a principle first established in quantum systems and later extended to classical waves, including phononics. Conventionally, an $n$-dimensional bulk with nontrivial topology hosts $(n-1)$-dimensional topologically protected boundary states, which may be further gapped out by breaking the symmetry that protects them, potentially leading to the emergence of $(n-2)$-dimensional, or even lower-dimensional topological states, as in higher-order topological insulators. In this work, we introduce an alternative mechanism for gapping out topological states and forming new topological modes within the resulting gap without further unit-cell symmetry breaking or dimension reduction. Using one- and two-dimensional Su-Schrieffer-Heeger (SSH) models, we show that controlled repositioning of topological domain walls enables the construction of hierarchical unit cells that gap out the original domain-wall states while preserving the underlying symmetry. This process produces higher-hierarchical-level topological states, characterized by a generalized winding number, and can be iterated to realize multiple - potentially infinite - hierarchical levels of topological states. Our approach expands the conventional topological classification and offers a versatile route for engineering complex networks of protected modes in higher dimensions.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2506_07048
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Hierarchical Topological States without Dimension Reduction
Pyfrom, Joel R.
Sun, Kai
Ma, Jihong A.
Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
Materials Science
Other Condensed Matter
Topological insulators exhibit boundary states protected by bulk band topology, a principle first established in quantum systems and later extended to classical waves, including phononics. Conventionally, an $n$-dimensional bulk with nontrivial topology hosts $(n-1)$-dimensional topologically protected boundary states, which may be further gapped out by breaking the symmetry that protects them, potentially leading to the emergence of $(n-2)$-dimensional, or even lower-dimensional topological states, as in higher-order topological insulators. In this work, we introduce an alternative mechanism for gapping out topological states and forming new topological modes within the resulting gap without further unit-cell symmetry breaking or dimension reduction. Using one- and two-dimensional Su-Schrieffer-Heeger (SSH) models, we show that controlled repositioning of topological domain walls enables the construction of hierarchical unit cells that gap out the original domain-wall states while preserving the underlying symmetry. This process produces higher-hierarchical-level topological states, characterized by a generalized winding number, and can be iterated to realize multiple - potentially infinite - hierarchical levels of topological states. Our approach expands the conventional topological classification and offers a versatile route for engineering complex networks of protected modes in higher dimensions.
title Hierarchical Topological States without Dimension Reduction
topic Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
Materials Science
Other Condensed Matter
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.07048