CNFs and DNFs with Exactly $k$ Solutions

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Chandran, L. Sunil, Gajjala, Rishikesh, Meel, Kuldeep S.
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Chandran, L. Sunil
Gajjala, Rishikesh
Meel, Kuldeep S.
author_facet Chandran, L. Sunil
Gajjala, Rishikesh
Meel, Kuldeep S.
contents Model counting is a fundamental problem that consists of determining the number of satisfying assignments for a given Boolean formula. The weighted variant, which computes the weighted sum of satisfying assignments, has extensive applications in probabilistic reasoning, network reliability, statistical physics, and formal verification. A common approach for solving weighted model counting is to reduce it to unweighted model counting, which raises an important question: {\em What is the minimum number of terms (or clauses) required to construct a DNF (or CNF) formula with exactly $k$ satisfying assignments?} In this paper, we establish both upper and lower bounds on this question. We prove that for any natural number $k$, one can construct a monotone DNF formula with exactly $k$ satisfying assignments using at most $O(\sqrt{\log k}\log\log k)$ terms. This construction represents the first $o(\log k)$ upper bound for this problem. We complement this result by showing that there exist infinitely many values of $k$ for which any DNF or CNF representation requires at least $Ω(\log\log k)$ terms or clauses. These results have significant implications for the efficiency of model counting algorithms based on formula transformations.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2506_07268
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle CNFs and DNFs with Exactly $k$ Solutions
Chandran, L. Sunil
Gajjala, Rishikesh
Meel, Kuldeep S.
Discrete Mathematics
Data Structures and Algorithms
Logic in Computer Science
Combinatorics
Logic
Model counting is a fundamental problem that consists of determining the number of satisfying assignments for a given Boolean formula. The weighted variant, which computes the weighted sum of satisfying assignments, has extensive applications in probabilistic reasoning, network reliability, statistical physics, and formal verification. A common approach for solving weighted model counting is to reduce it to unweighted model counting, which raises an important question: {\em What is the minimum number of terms (or clauses) required to construct a DNF (or CNF) formula with exactly $k$ satisfying assignments?} In this paper, we establish both upper and lower bounds on this question. We prove that for any natural number $k$, one can construct a monotone DNF formula with exactly $k$ satisfying assignments using at most $O(\sqrt{\log k}\log\log k)$ terms. This construction represents the first $o(\log k)$ upper bound for this problem. We complement this result by showing that there exist infinitely many values of $k$ for which any DNF or CNF representation requires at least $Ω(\log\log k)$ terms or clauses. These results have significant implications for the efficiency of model counting algorithms based on formula transformations.
title CNFs and DNFs with Exactly $k$ Solutions
topic Discrete Mathematics
Data Structures and Algorithms
Logic in Computer Science
Combinatorics
Logic
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.07268