Butterfly in Spacetime: Inherent Instabilities in Stable Black Holes

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Mai, Zhan-Feng, Yang, Run-Qiu
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Mai, Zhan-Feng
Yang, Run-Qiu
author_facet Mai, Zhan-Feng
Yang, Run-Qiu
contents This paper numerically studies if the stability of a stable black hole is robust against the small perturbation on geometry near its event horizon. As a toy model, it encodes the such perturbation into deformations of Regge-Wheeler potential. It considers three different types of local deformations-the negative static bump potential, the stochastic potential and bump potential modulated by time function in low frequency limit. Our numerical results show that infinitesimal local deformations on Regge-Wheeler potential near the horizon can overturn stability of a stable black hole, implying that late-time behavior of a stable black hole is extremely sensitive to geometry near horizon. Specially, certain deformations that stabilize systems in flat backgrounds can destabilize otherwise stable black holes. It also shows that horizon-induced redshift transforms near-horizon quantum fluctuations into classical-scale stochastic deformations capable of triggering instability, implying that even an isolated black hole cannot keep stable in extended timescales.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2506_07562
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Butterfly in Spacetime: Inherent Instabilities in Stable Black Holes
Mai, Zhan-Feng
Yang, Run-Qiu
General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
High Energy Physics - Theory
This paper numerically studies if the stability of a stable black hole is robust against the small perturbation on geometry near its event horizon. As a toy model, it encodes the such perturbation into deformations of Regge-Wheeler potential. It considers three different types of local deformations-the negative static bump potential, the stochastic potential and bump potential modulated by time function in low frequency limit. Our numerical results show that infinitesimal local deformations on Regge-Wheeler potential near the horizon can overturn stability of a stable black hole, implying that late-time behavior of a stable black hole is extremely sensitive to geometry near horizon. Specially, certain deformations that stabilize systems in flat backgrounds can destabilize otherwise stable black holes. It also shows that horizon-induced redshift transforms near-horizon quantum fluctuations into classical-scale stochastic deformations capable of triggering instability, implying that even an isolated black hole cannot keep stable in extended timescales.
title Butterfly in Spacetime: Inherent Instabilities in Stable Black Holes
topic General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
High Energy Physics - Theory
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.07562