Main-sequence Turnoff Stars as Probes of the Ancient Galactic Relic: Chemo-dynamical Analysis of a Pilot Sample

Fuente: arXiv
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Autori principali: Xie, Renjing, Li, Haining, Zhang, Ruizhi, Wu, Yin, Xue, Xiang-Xiang, Zhao, Gang, Zhang, Shi-Lin, Xie, Xiao-Jin
Natura: Preprint
Pubblicazione: 2025
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author Xie, Renjing
Li, Haining
Zhang, Ruizhi
Wu, Yin
Xue, Xiang-Xiang
Zhao, Gang
Zhang, Shi-Lin
Xie, Xiao-Jin
author_facet Xie, Renjing
Li, Haining
Zhang, Ruizhi
Wu, Yin
Xue, Xiang-Xiang
Zhao, Gang
Zhang, Shi-Lin
Xie, Xiao-Jin
contents The main-sequence turnoff (MSTO) stars well preserve the chemical properties where they were born, making them ideal tracers for studying the stellar population. We perform a detailed chemo-dynamical analysis on moderately metal-poor ($-2.0<\mathrm{[Fe/H]}<-1.0$) MSTO stars to explore the early accretion history of the Milky Way. Our sample includes four stars observed with high-resolution spectroscopy using CFHT/ESPaDOnS and 163 nearby MSTO stars selected from the SAGA database with high-resolution results. Within the action-angle spaces, we identified Gaia-Sausage-Enceladus (GSE, 35), stars born in the Milky Way (in situ, 31), and other substructures (21). We find that both GSE and in-situ stars present a similar Li plateau around $A(\mathrm{Li)}\sim 2.17$. GSE shows a clear $α$-knee feature in Mg at $\mathrm{[Fe/H]}\sim-1.60\pm 0.06$, while the $α$-elements of in-situ stars remain nearly constant within the metallicity range. The iron-peak elements show little difference between GSE and in-situ stars except for Zn and Ni, which decrease in GSE at $\mathrm{[Fe/H]}>-1.6$, while they remain constant in in-situ stars. Among heavy elements, GSE shows overall enhancement in Eu, with [Ba/Eu] increasing with the metallicity, while this ratio remains almost constant for in-situ stars, suggesting the contribution of longer time-scale sources to the $s$-process in GSE. Moreover, for the first time, we present the $r$-process abundance pattern for an extremely $r$-process enhanced ($r$-II) GSE star, which appears consistent with the solar $r$-process pattern except for Pr. Further investigation of larger GSE samples using high-resolution spectra is required to explore the reason for the significantly higher Pr in the GSE r-II star.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2506_07758
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Main-sequence Turnoff Stars as Probes of the Ancient Galactic Relic: Chemo-dynamical Analysis of a Pilot Sample
Xie, Renjing
Li, Haining
Zhang, Ruizhi
Wu, Yin
Xue, Xiang-Xiang
Zhao, Gang
Zhang, Shi-Lin
Xie, Xiao-Jin
Astrophysics of Galaxies
Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
The main-sequence turnoff (MSTO) stars well preserve the chemical properties where they were born, making them ideal tracers for studying the stellar population. We perform a detailed chemo-dynamical analysis on moderately metal-poor ($-2.0<\mathrm{[Fe/H]}<-1.0$) MSTO stars to explore the early accretion history of the Milky Way. Our sample includes four stars observed with high-resolution spectroscopy using CFHT/ESPaDOnS and 163 nearby MSTO stars selected from the SAGA database with high-resolution results. Within the action-angle spaces, we identified Gaia-Sausage-Enceladus (GSE, 35), stars born in the Milky Way (in situ, 31), and other substructures (21). We find that both GSE and in-situ stars present a similar Li plateau around $A(\mathrm{Li)}\sim 2.17$. GSE shows a clear $α$-knee feature in Mg at $\mathrm{[Fe/H]}\sim-1.60\pm 0.06$, while the $α$-elements of in-situ stars remain nearly constant within the metallicity range. The iron-peak elements show little difference between GSE and in-situ stars except for Zn and Ni, which decrease in GSE at $\mathrm{[Fe/H]}>-1.6$, while they remain constant in in-situ stars. Among heavy elements, GSE shows overall enhancement in Eu, with [Ba/Eu] increasing with the metallicity, while this ratio remains almost constant for in-situ stars, suggesting the contribution of longer time-scale sources to the $s$-process in GSE. Moreover, for the first time, we present the $r$-process abundance pattern for an extremely $r$-process enhanced ($r$-II) GSE star, which appears consistent with the solar $r$-process pattern except for Pr. Further investigation of larger GSE samples using high-resolution spectra is required to explore the reason for the significantly higher Pr in the GSE r-II star.
title Main-sequence Turnoff Stars as Probes of the Ancient Galactic Relic: Chemo-dynamical Analysis of a Pilot Sample
topic Astrophysics of Galaxies
Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.07758