Submillimeter and Mid-Infrared Variability of Young Stellar Objects in the M17 HII Region
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2025
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| author | Chen, Zhiwei Johnstone, Doug Peña, Carlos Contreras Lee, Jeong-Eun Liu, Sheng-Yuan Herczeg, Gregory Mairs, Steve Park, Geumsook Kim, Kee-Tae Kim, Mi-Ryang Qiu, Keping Wang, Yao-Te Zhang, Xu Reiter, Megan Team, the JCMT Transient |
| author_facet | Chen, Zhiwei Johnstone, Doug Peña, Carlos Contreras Lee, Jeong-Eun Liu, Sheng-Yuan Herczeg, Gregory Mairs, Steve Park, Geumsook Kim, Kee-Tae Kim, Mi-Ryang Qiu, Keping Wang, Yao-Te Zhang, Xu Reiter, Megan Team, the JCMT Transient |
| contents | We conducted a comprehensive analysis of young stellar object (YSO) variability at submillimeter and mid-infrared (mid-IR) wavelengths for the M\,17 \ion{H}{2} region, using 3.5 years monitoring data from the JCMT Transient Survey at $450$ and $850\,μ$m and 9 years mid-IR monitoring data from the NEOWISE mission. Our study encompasses observations of 198 and 164 bright submillimeter peaks identified within the deep JCMT coadded maps at 450 and $850\,μ$m, and 66 YSOs seen by NEOWISE W2 that were previously identified in mid-IR observations. We find one robust linear submillimeter variable, an intermediate mass protostar, with a $4\%$ peak flux change in 3.5 years of JCMT monitoring that sets a lower limit of $16\%$ luminosity increase for the source. At mid-IR wavelengths, our analysis reveals secular and stochastic variability in 22 YSOs, with the highest fraction of secular variability occurring at the earliest evolutionary stage. This mid-IR fractional variability as a function of evolutionary stage result is similar to what has previously been found for YSO variability within the Gould Belt and the intermediate-mass star formation region M17\,SWex, though overall less variability is detected in M\,17 in submillimeter and mid-IR. We suspect that this lower detection of YSO variability is due to both the greater distance to M\,17 and the strong feedback from the \ion{H}{2} region. Our findings showcase the utility of multiwavelength observations to better capture the complex variability phenomena inherent to star formation processes and demonstrate the importance of years-long monitoring of a diverse selection of star-forming environments. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2506_08389 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Submillimeter and Mid-Infrared Variability of Young Stellar Objects in the M17 HII Region Chen, Zhiwei Johnstone, Doug Peña, Carlos Contreras Lee, Jeong-Eun Liu, Sheng-Yuan Herczeg, Gregory Mairs, Steve Park, Geumsook Kim, Kee-Tae Kim, Mi-Ryang Qiu, Keping Wang, Yao-Te Zhang, Xu Reiter, Megan Team, the JCMT Transient Astrophysics of Galaxies Solar and Stellar Astrophysics We conducted a comprehensive analysis of young stellar object (YSO) variability at submillimeter and mid-infrared (mid-IR) wavelengths for the M\,17 \ion{H}{2} region, using 3.5 years monitoring data from the JCMT Transient Survey at $450$ and $850\,μ$m and 9 years mid-IR monitoring data from the NEOWISE mission. Our study encompasses observations of 198 and 164 bright submillimeter peaks identified within the deep JCMT coadded maps at 450 and $850\,μ$m, and 66 YSOs seen by NEOWISE W2 that were previously identified in mid-IR observations. We find one robust linear submillimeter variable, an intermediate mass protostar, with a $4\%$ peak flux change in 3.5 years of JCMT monitoring that sets a lower limit of $16\%$ luminosity increase for the source. At mid-IR wavelengths, our analysis reveals secular and stochastic variability in 22 YSOs, with the highest fraction of secular variability occurring at the earliest evolutionary stage. This mid-IR fractional variability as a function of evolutionary stage result is similar to what has previously been found for YSO variability within the Gould Belt and the intermediate-mass star formation region M17\,SWex, though overall less variability is detected in M\,17 in submillimeter and mid-IR. We suspect that this lower detection of YSO variability is due to both the greater distance to M\,17 and the strong feedback from the \ion{H}{2} region. Our findings showcase the utility of multiwavelength observations to better capture the complex variability phenomena inherent to star formation processes and demonstrate the importance of years-long monitoring of a diverse selection of star-forming environments. |
| title | Submillimeter and Mid-Infrared Variability of Young Stellar Objects in the M17 HII Region |
| topic | Astrophysics of Galaxies Solar and Stellar Astrophysics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.08389 |