ABC-FHE : A Resource-Efficient Accelerator Enabling Bootstrappable Parameters for Client-Side Fully Homomorphic Encryption
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2025
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| _version_ | 1866912422453837824 |
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| author | Yune, Sungwoong Lee, Hyojeong Putra, Adiwena Cho, Hyunjun Manh, Cuong Duong Jeon, Jaeho Kim, Joo-Young |
| author_facet | Yune, Sungwoong Lee, Hyojeong Putra, Adiwena Cho, Hyunjun Manh, Cuong Duong Jeon, Jaeho Kim, Joo-Young |
| contents | As the demand for privacy-preserving computation continues to grow, fully homomorphic encryption (FHE)-which enables continuous computation on encrypted data-has become a critical solution. However, its adoption is hindered by significant computational overhead, requiring 10000-fold more computation compared to plaintext processing. Recent advancements in FHE accelerators have successfully improved server-side performance, but client-side computations remain a bottleneck, particularly under bootstrappable parameter configurations, which involve combinations of encoding, encrypt, decoding, and decrypt for large-sized parameters. To address this challenge, we propose ABC-FHE, an area- and power-efficient FHE accelerator that supports bootstrappable parameters on the client side. ABC-FHE employs a streaming architecture to maximize performance density, minimize area usage, and reduce off-chip memory access. Key innovations include a reconfigurable Fourier engine capable of switching between NTT and FFT modes. Additionally, an on-chip pseudo-random number generator and a unified on-the-fly twiddle factor generator significantly reduce memory demands, while optimized task scheduling enhances the CKKS client-side processing, achieving reduced latency. Overall, ABC-FHE occupies a die area of 28.638 mm2 and consumes 5.654 W of power in 28 nm technology. It delivers significant performance improvements, achieving a 1112x speed-up in encoding and encryption execution time compared to a CPU, and 214x over the state-of-the-art client-side accelerator. For decoding and decryption, it achieves a 963x speed-up over the CPU and 82x over the state-of-the-art accelerator. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2506_08461 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | ABC-FHE : A Resource-Efficient Accelerator Enabling Bootstrappable Parameters for Client-Side Fully Homomorphic Encryption Yune, Sungwoong Lee, Hyojeong Putra, Adiwena Cho, Hyunjun Manh, Cuong Duong Jeon, Jaeho Kim, Joo-Young Hardware Architecture Cryptography and Security Emerging Technologies As the demand for privacy-preserving computation continues to grow, fully homomorphic encryption (FHE)-which enables continuous computation on encrypted data-has become a critical solution. However, its adoption is hindered by significant computational overhead, requiring 10000-fold more computation compared to plaintext processing. Recent advancements in FHE accelerators have successfully improved server-side performance, but client-side computations remain a bottleneck, particularly under bootstrappable parameter configurations, which involve combinations of encoding, encrypt, decoding, and decrypt for large-sized parameters. To address this challenge, we propose ABC-FHE, an area- and power-efficient FHE accelerator that supports bootstrappable parameters on the client side. ABC-FHE employs a streaming architecture to maximize performance density, minimize area usage, and reduce off-chip memory access. Key innovations include a reconfigurable Fourier engine capable of switching between NTT and FFT modes. Additionally, an on-chip pseudo-random number generator and a unified on-the-fly twiddle factor generator significantly reduce memory demands, while optimized task scheduling enhances the CKKS client-side processing, achieving reduced latency. Overall, ABC-FHE occupies a die area of 28.638 mm2 and consumes 5.654 W of power in 28 nm technology. It delivers significant performance improvements, achieving a 1112x speed-up in encoding and encryption execution time compared to a CPU, and 214x over the state-of-the-art client-side accelerator. For decoding and decryption, it achieves a 963x speed-up over the CPU and 82x over the state-of-the-art accelerator. |
| title | ABC-FHE : A Resource-Efficient Accelerator Enabling Bootstrappable Parameters for Client-Side Fully Homomorphic Encryption |
| topic | Hardware Architecture Cryptography and Security Emerging Technologies |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.08461 |