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Beyond Traditional Diagnostics: Identifying Active Galactic Nuclei with Spectral Energy Distribution Fitting in DESI Data

Fuente: arXiv

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Autori principali:	Siudek, M., Mezcua, M., Circosta, C., Maraston, C., Moustakas, J., Zou, H., Aguilar, J., Ahlen, S., Bianchi, D., Brooks, D., Claybaugh, T., Dawson, K. S., de la Macorra, A., Dey, Arjun, Doel, P., Forero-Romero, J. E., Gaztañaga, E., Gontcho, S. Gontcho A, Gutierrez, G., Ishak, M., Juneau, S., Kirkby, D., Kisner, T., Kremin, A., Lambert, A., Landriau, M., Guillou, L. Le, Meisner, A., Miquel, R., Prada, F., Pérez-Ràfols, I., Rossi, G., Sanchez, E., Schlegel, D., Schubnell, M., Seo, H., Sprayberry, D., Tarlé, G., Weaver, B. A.
Natura:	Preprint
Pubblicazione:	2025
Soggetti:	Astrophysics of Galaxies
Accesso online:	Acceder al recurso
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author	Siudek, M. Mezcua, M. Circosta, C. Maraston, C. Moustakas, J. Zou, H. Aguilar, J. Ahlen, S. Bianchi, D. Brooks, D. Claybaugh, T. Dawson, K. S. de la Macorra, A. Dey, Arjun Doel, P. Forero-Romero, J. E. Gaztañaga, E. Gontcho, S. Gontcho A Gutierrez, G. Ishak, M. Juneau, S. Kirkby, D. Kisner, T. Kremin, A. Lambert, A. Landriau, M. Guillou, L. Le Meisner, A. Miquel, R. Prada, F. Pérez-Ràfols, I. Rossi, G. Sanchez, E. Schlegel, D. Schubnell, M. Seo, H. Sprayberry, D. Tarlé, G. Weaver, B. A.
author_facet	Siudek, M. Mezcua, M. Circosta, C. Maraston, C. Moustakas, J. Zou, H. Aguilar, J. Ahlen, S. Bianchi, D. Brooks, D. Claybaugh, T. Dawson, K. S. de la Macorra, A. Dey, Arjun Doel, P. Forero-Romero, J. E. Gaztañaga, E. Gontcho, S. Gontcho A Gutierrez, G. Ishak, M. Juneau, S. Kirkby, D. Kisner, T. Kremin, A. Lambert, A. Landriau, M. Guillou, L. Le Meisner, A. Miquel, R. Prada, F. Pérez-Ràfols, I. Rossi, G. Sanchez, E. Schlegel, D. Schubnell, M. Seo, H. Sprayberry, D. Tarlé, G. Weaver, B. A.
contents	Active galactic nuclei (AGN) are typically identified through their distinctive X-ray or radio emissions, mid-infrared (MIR) colors, or emission lines. However, each method captures different subsets of AGN due to signal-to-noise (SNR) limitations, redshift coverage, and extinction effects, underscoring the necessity for a multi-wavelength approach for comprehensive AGN samples. This study explores the effectiveness of spectral energy distribution (SED) fitting as a robust method for AGN identification. Using {\tt CIGALE} optical-MIR SED fits on DESI Early Data Release galaxies, we compare SED-based AGN selection ({\tt AGNFRAC} $\geq0.1$) with traditional methods including BPT diagrams, WISE colors, X-ray, and radio diagnostics. SED fitting identifies $\sim 70\%$ of narrow/broad-line AGN and 87\% of WISE-selected AGN. Incorporating high SNR WISE photometry reduces star-forming galaxy contamination from 62\% to 15\%. Initially, $\sim50\%$ of SED-AGN candidates are undetected by standard methods, but additional diagnostics classify $\sim85\%$ of these sources, revealing LINERs and retired galaxies potentially representing evolved systems with weak AGN activity. Further spectroscopic and multi-wavelength analysis will be essential to determine the true AGN nature of these sources. SED fitting provides complementary AGN identification, unifying multi-wavelength AGN selections. This approach enables more complete -- albeit with some contamination -- AGN samples essential for upcoming large-scale surveys where spectroscopic diagnostics may be limited.
format	Preprint
id	arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2506_09143
institution	arXiv
publishDate	2025
record_format	arxiv
spellingShingle	Beyond Traditional Diagnostics: Identifying Active Galactic Nuclei with Spectral Energy Distribution Fitting in DESI Data Siudek, M. Mezcua, M. Circosta, C. Maraston, C. Moustakas, J. Zou, H. Aguilar, J. Ahlen, S. Bianchi, D. Brooks, D. Claybaugh, T. Dawson, K. S. de la Macorra, A. Dey, Arjun Doel, P. Forero-Romero, J. E. Gaztañaga, E. Gontcho, S. Gontcho A Gutierrez, G. Ishak, M. Juneau, S. Kirkby, D. Kisner, T. Kremin, A. Lambert, A. Landriau, M. Guillou, L. Le Meisner, A. Miquel, R. Prada, F. Pérez-Ràfols, I. Rossi, G. Sanchez, E. Schlegel, D. Schubnell, M. Seo, H. Sprayberry, D. Tarlé, G. Weaver, B. A. Astrophysics of Galaxies Active galactic nuclei (AGN) are typically identified through their distinctive X-ray or radio emissions, mid-infrared (MIR) colors, or emission lines. However, each method captures different subsets of AGN due to signal-to-noise (SNR) limitations, redshift coverage, and extinction effects, underscoring the necessity for a multi-wavelength approach for comprehensive AGN samples. This study explores the effectiveness of spectral energy distribution (SED) fitting as a robust method for AGN identification. Using {\tt CIGALE} optical-MIR SED fits on DESI Early Data Release galaxies, we compare SED-based AGN selection ({\tt AGNFRAC} $\geq0.1$) with traditional methods including BPT diagrams, WISE colors, X-ray, and radio diagnostics. SED fitting identifies $\sim 70\%$ of narrow/broad-line AGN and 87\% of WISE-selected AGN. Incorporating high SNR WISE photometry reduces star-forming galaxy contamination from 62\% to 15\%. Initially, $\sim50\%$ of SED-AGN candidates are undetected by standard methods, but additional diagnostics classify $\sim85\%$ of these sources, revealing LINERs and retired galaxies potentially representing evolved systems with weak AGN activity. Further spectroscopic and multi-wavelength analysis will be essential to determine the true AGN nature of these sources. SED fitting provides complementary AGN identification, unifying multi-wavelength AGN selections. This approach enables more complete -- albeit with some contamination -- AGN samples essential for upcoming large-scale surveys where spectroscopic diagnostics may be limited.
title	Beyond Traditional Diagnostics: Identifying Active Galactic Nuclei with Spectral Energy Distribution Fitting in DESI Data
topic	Astrophysics of Galaxies
url	https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.09143