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Main Authors: Pandey, Nilesh, Basu, Dipanjan, Banerjee, Sanjay K.
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
Subjects:
Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.09356
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author Pandey, Nilesh
Basu, Dipanjan
Banerjee, Sanjay K.
author_facet Pandey, Nilesh
Basu, Dipanjan
Banerjee, Sanjay K.
contents This paper presents the design and benchmarking of cryogenic bulk-FETs using an experimentally calibrated TCAD framework that integrates 2-D electrostatics and interface-trap effects from $T = 2$ K to 300 K. For a 28-nm node device, carrier transport is predominantly ballistic at $T = 2$ K and becomes quasi-ballistic as temperature increases. At cryogenic temperatures, higher interface-trap densities increase the effective threshold voltage and suppress subthreshold conduction. However, when the ON-state bias is adjusted to account for the trap-induced $V_t$ shift, interface traps are found to \emph{worsen} $I_{\mathrm{ON}}/I_{\mathrm{OFF}}$ along with degrading the subthreshold swing (SS) and reducing mobility across all temperatures. The spatial standard deviation $σ$ of the trap distribution modulates these behaviors: highly localized traps ($σ\sim 1$--$2$ nm) exacerbate short-channel effects (SCEs), whereas broader, nearly uniform distributions ($σ\ge 50$ nm) elevate the entire barrier and suppress SCEs until saturation as $σ\to L_g$. The TCAD predictions closely match experimental data at 4.2 K, 77 K, and 300 K, providing design guidelines to optimize $I_{\mathrm{ON}}/I_{\mathrm{OFF}}$, SS, mobility, and DIBL for cryogenic CMOS technology nodes.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2506_09356
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Engineering Cryogenic FETs: Addressing SCEs and Impact of Interface Traps Down to 2 K Temperature
Pandey, Nilesh
Basu, Dipanjan
Banerjee, Sanjay K.
Applied Physics
This paper presents the design and benchmarking of cryogenic bulk-FETs using an experimentally calibrated TCAD framework that integrates 2-D electrostatics and interface-trap effects from $T = 2$ K to 300 K. For a 28-nm node device, carrier transport is predominantly ballistic at $T = 2$ K and becomes quasi-ballistic as temperature increases. At cryogenic temperatures, higher interface-trap densities increase the effective threshold voltage and suppress subthreshold conduction. However, when the ON-state bias is adjusted to account for the trap-induced $V_t$ shift, interface traps are found to \emph{worsen} $I_{\mathrm{ON}}/I_{\mathrm{OFF}}$ along with degrading the subthreshold swing (SS) and reducing mobility across all temperatures. The spatial standard deviation $σ$ of the trap distribution modulates these behaviors: highly localized traps ($σ\sim 1$--$2$ nm) exacerbate short-channel effects (SCEs), whereas broader, nearly uniform distributions ($σ\ge 50$ nm) elevate the entire barrier and suppress SCEs until saturation as $σ\to L_g$. The TCAD predictions closely match experimental data at 4.2 K, 77 K, and 300 K, providing design guidelines to optimize $I_{\mathrm{ON}}/I_{\mathrm{OFF}}$, SS, mobility, and DIBL for cryogenic CMOS technology nodes.
title Engineering Cryogenic FETs: Addressing SCEs and Impact of Interface Traps Down to 2 K Temperature
topic Applied Physics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.09356