Constructive interference at the edge of quantum ergodic dynamics
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arXiv
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2025
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| author | Abanin, Dmitry A. Acharya, Rajeev Aghababaie-Beni, Laleh Aigeldinger, Georg Ajoy, Ashok Alcaraz, Ross Aleiner, Igor Andersen, Trond I. Ansmann, Markus Arute, Frank Arya, Kunal Asfaw, Abraham Astrakhantsev, Nikita Atalaya, Juan Babbush, Ryan Bacon, Dave Ballard, Brian Bardin, Joseph C. Bengs, Christian Bengtsson, Andreas Bilmes, Alexander Boixo, Sergio Bortoli, Gina Bourassa, Alexandre Bovaird, Jenna Bowers, Dylan Brill, Leon Broughton, Michael Browne, David A. Buchea, Brett Buckley, Bob B. Buell, David A. Burger, Tim Burkett, Brian Bushnell, Nicholas Cabrera, Anthony Campero, Juan Chang, Hung-Shen Chen, Yu Chen, Zijun Chiaro, Ben Chih, Liang-Ying Chik, Desmond Chou, Charina Claes, Jahan Cleland, Agnetta Y. Cogan, Josh Cohen, Saul Collins, Roberto Conner, Paul Courtney, William Crook, Alexander L. Curtin, Ben Das, Sayan De Lorenzo, Laura Debroy, Dripto M. Demura, Sean Devoret, Michel Di Paolo, Agustin Donohoe, Paul Drozdov, Ilya Dunsworth, Andrew Earle, Clint Eickbusch, Alec Elbag, Aviv Moshe Elzouka, Mahmoud Erickson, Catherine Faoro, Lara Farhi, Edward Ferreira, Vinicius S. Burgos, Leslie Flores Forati, Ebrahim Fowler, Austin G. Foxen, Brooks Ganjam, Suhas Garcia, Gonzalo Gasca, Robert Genois, Elie Giang, William Gidney, Craig Gilboa, Dar Gosula, Raja Dau, Alejandro Grajales Graumann, Dietrich Greene, Alex Gross, Jonathan A. Gu, Hanfeng Habegger, Steve Hall, John Hamamura, Ikko Hamilton, Michael C. Hansen, Monica Harrigan, Matthew P. Harrington, Sean D. Heslin, Stephen Heu, Paula Higgott, Oscar Hill, Gordon Hilton, Jeremy Hong, Sabrina Huang, Hsin-Yuan Huff, Ashley Huggins, William J. Ioffe, Lev B. Isakov, Sergei V. Iveland, Justin Jeffrey, Evan Jiang, Zhang Jin, Xiaoxuan Jones, Cody Jordan, Stephen Joshi, Chaitali Juhas, Pavol Kabel, Andreas Kafri, Dvir Kang, Hui Karamlou, Amir H. Kechedzhi, Kostyantyn Kelly, Julian Khaire, Trupti Khattar, Tanuj Khezri, Mostafa Kim, Seon King, Robbie Klimov, Paul V. Klots, Andrey R. Kobrin, Bryce Korotkov, Alexander N. Kostritsa, Fedor Kothari, Robin Kreikebaum, John Mark Kurilovich, Vladislav D. Kyoseva, Elica Landhuis, David Lange-Dei, Tiano Langley, Brandon W. Laptev, Pavel Lau, Kim-Ming Guevel, Loick Le Ledford, Justin Lee, Joonho Lee, Kenny Lensky, Yuri D. Leon, Shannon Lester, Brian J. Li, Wing Yan Lill, Alexander T. Liu, Wayne Livingston, William P. Locharla, Aditya Lucero, Erik Lundahl, Daniel Lunt, Aaron Madhuk, Sid Malone, Fionn D. Maloney, Ashley Mandra, Salvatore Manyika, James M. Martin, Leigh S. Martin, Orion Martin, Steven Matias, Yossi Maxfield, Cameron McClean, Jarrod R. McEwen, Matt Meeks, Seneca Megrant, Anthony Mi, Xiao Miao, Kevin C. Mieszala, Amanda Molavi, Reza Molina, Sebastian Montazeri, Shirin Morvan, Alexis Movassagh, Ramis Mruczkiewicz, Wojciech Naaman, Ofer Neeley, Matthew Neill, Charles Nersisyan, Ani Neven, Hartmut Newman, Michael Ng, Jiun How Nguyen, Anthony Nguyen, Murray Ni, Chia-Hung Niu, Murphy Yuezhen Oas, Logan O'Brien, Thomas E. Oliver, William D. Opremcak, Alex Ottosson, Kristoffer Petukhov, Andre Pizzuto, Alex Platt, John Potter, Rebecca Pritchard, Orion Pryadko, Leonid P. Quintana, Chris Ramachandran, Ganesh Ramanathan, Chandrasekhar Reagor, Matthew J. Redding, John Rhodes, David M. Roberts, Gabrielle Rosenberg, Eliott Rosenfeld, Emma Roushan, Pedram Rubin, Nicholas C. Saei, Negar Sank, Daniel Sankaragomathi, Kannan Satzinger, Kevin J. Schmidhuber, Alexander Schurkus, Henry F. Schuster, Christopher Schuster, Thomas Shearn, Michael J. Shorter, Aaron Shutty, Noah Shvarts, Vladimir Sivak, Volodymyr Skruzny, Jindra Small, Spencer Smelyanskiy, Vadim Smith, W. Clarke Somma, Rolando D. Springer, Sofia Sterling, George Strain, Doug Suchard, Jordan Suchsland, Philippe Szasz, Aaron Sztein, Alex Thor, Douglas Tomita, Eifu Torres, Alfredo Torunbalci, M. Mert Vaishnav, Abeer Vargas, Justin Vdovichev, Sergey Vidal, Guifre Villalonga, Benjamin Heidweiller, Catherine Vollgraff Waltman, Steven Wang, Shannon X. Ware, Brayden Weber, Kate Weidel, Travis Westerhout, Tom White, Theodore Wong, Kristi Woo, Bryan W. K. Xing, Cheng Yao, Z. Jamie Yeh, Ping Ying, Bicheng Yoo, Juhwan Yosri, Noureldin Young, Grayson Zalcman, Adam Zhang, Chongwei Zhang, Yaxing Zhu, Ningfeng Zobrist, Nicholas |
| author_facet | Abanin, Dmitry A. Acharya, Rajeev Aghababaie-Beni, Laleh Aigeldinger, Georg Ajoy, Ashok Alcaraz, Ross Aleiner, Igor Andersen, Trond I. Ansmann, Markus Arute, Frank Arya, Kunal Asfaw, Abraham Astrakhantsev, Nikita Atalaya, Juan Babbush, Ryan Bacon, Dave Ballard, Brian Bardin, Joseph C. Bengs, Christian Bengtsson, Andreas Bilmes, Alexander Boixo, Sergio Bortoli, Gina Bourassa, Alexandre Bovaird, Jenna Bowers, Dylan Brill, Leon Broughton, Michael Browne, David A. Buchea, Brett Buckley, Bob B. Buell, David A. Burger, Tim Burkett, Brian Bushnell, Nicholas Cabrera, Anthony Campero, Juan Chang, Hung-Shen Chen, Yu Chen, Zijun Chiaro, Ben Chih, Liang-Ying Chik, Desmond Chou, Charina Claes, Jahan Cleland, Agnetta Y. Cogan, Josh Cohen, Saul Collins, Roberto Conner, Paul Courtney, William Crook, Alexander L. Curtin, Ben Das, Sayan De Lorenzo, Laura Debroy, Dripto M. Demura, Sean Devoret, Michel Di Paolo, Agustin Donohoe, Paul Drozdov, Ilya Dunsworth, Andrew Earle, Clint Eickbusch, Alec Elbag, Aviv Moshe Elzouka, Mahmoud Erickson, Catherine Faoro, Lara Farhi, Edward Ferreira, Vinicius S. Burgos, Leslie Flores Forati, Ebrahim Fowler, Austin G. Foxen, Brooks Ganjam, Suhas Garcia, Gonzalo Gasca, Robert Genois, Elie Giang, William Gidney, Craig Gilboa, Dar Gosula, Raja Dau, Alejandro Grajales Graumann, Dietrich Greene, Alex Gross, Jonathan A. Gu, Hanfeng Habegger, Steve Hall, John Hamamura, Ikko Hamilton, Michael C. Hansen, Monica Harrigan, Matthew P. Harrington, Sean D. Heslin, Stephen Heu, Paula Higgott, Oscar Hill, Gordon Hilton, Jeremy Hong, Sabrina Huang, Hsin-Yuan Huff, Ashley Huggins, William J. Ioffe, Lev B. Isakov, Sergei V. Iveland, Justin Jeffrey, Evan Jiang, Zhang Jin, Xiaoxuan Jones, Cody Jordan, Stephen Joshi, Chaitali Juhas, Pavol Kabel, Andreas Kafri, Dvir Kang, Hui Karamlou, Amir H. Kechedzhi, Kostyantyn Kelly, Julian Khaire, Trupti Khattar, Tanuj Khezri, Mostafa Kim, Seon King, Robbie Klimov, Paul V. Klots, Andrey R. Kobrin, Bryce Korotkov, Alexander N. Kostritsa, Fedor Kothari, Robin Kreikebaum, John Mark Kurilovich, Vladislav D. Kyoseva, Elica Landhuis, David Lange-Dei, Tiano Langley, Brandon W. Laptev, Pavel Lau, Kim-Ming Guevel, Loick Le Ledford, Justin Lee, Joonho Lee, Kenny Lensky, Yuri D. Leon, Shannon Lester, Brian J. Li, Wing Yan Lill, Alexander T. Liu, Wayne Livingston, William P. Locharla, Aditya Lucero, Erik Lundahl, Daniel Lunt, Aaron Madhuk, Sid Malone, Fionn D. Maloney, Ashley Mandra, Salvatore Manyika, James M. Martin, Leigh S. Martin, Orion Martin, Steven Matias, Yossi Maxfield, Cameron McClean, Jarrod R. McEwen, Matt Meeks, Seneca Megrant, Anthony Mi, Xiao Miao, Kevin C. Mieszala, Amanda Molavi, Reza Molina, Sebastian Montazeri, Shirin Morvan, Alexis Movassagh, Ramis Mruczkiewicz, Wojciech Naaman, Ofer Neeley, Matthew Neill, Charles Nersisyan, Ani Neven, Hartmut Newman, Michael Ng, Jiun How Nguyen, Anthony Nguyen, Murray Ni, Chia-Hung Niu, Murphy Yuezhen Oas, Logan O'Brien, Thomas E. Oliver, William D. Opremcak, Alex Ottosson, Kristoffer Petukhov, Andre Pizzuto, Alex Platt, John Potter, Rebecca Pritchard, Orion Pryadko, Leonid P. Quintana, Chris Ramachandran, Ganesh Ramanathan, Chandrasekhar Reagor, Matthew J. Redding, John Rhodes, David M. Roberts, Gabrielle Rosenberg, Eliott Rosenfeld, Emma Roushan, Pedram Rubin, Nicholas C. Saei, Negar Sank, Daniel Sankaragomathi, Kannan Satzinger, Kevin J. Schmidhuber, Alexander Schurkus, Henry F. Schuster, Christopher Schuster, Thomas Shearn, Michael J. Shorter, Aaron Shutty, Noah Shvarts, Vladimir Sivak, Volodymyr Skruzny, Jindra Small, Spencer Smelyanskiy, Vadim Smith, W. Clarke Somma, Rolando D. Springer, Sofia Sterling, George Strain, Doug Suchard, Jordan Suchsland, Philippe Szasz, Aaron Sztein, Alex Thor, Douglas Tomita, Eifu Torres, Alfredo Torunbalci, M. Mert Vaishnav, Abeer Vargas, Justin Vdovichev, Sergey Vidal, Guifre Villalonga, Benjamin Heidweiller, Catherine Vollgraff Waltman, Steven Wang, Shannon X. Ware, Brayden Weber, Kate Weidel, Travis Westerhout, Tom White, Theodore Wong, Kristi Woo, Bryan W. K. Xing, Cheng Yao, Z. Jamie Yeh, Ping Ying, Bicheng Yoo, Juhwan Yosri, Noureldin Young, Grayson Zalcman, Adam Zhang, Chongwei Zhang, Yaxing Zhu, Ningfeng Zobrist, Nicholas |
| contents | Quantum observables in the form of few-point correlators are the key to characterizing the dynamics of quantum many-body systems. In dynamics with fast entanglement generation, quantum observables generally become insensitive to the details of the underlying dynamics at long times due to the effects of scrambling. In experimental systems, repeated time-reversal protocols have been successfully implemented to restore sensitivities of quantum observables. Using a 103-qubit superconducting quantum processor, we characterize ergodic dynamics using the second-order out-of-time-order correlators, OTOC$^{(2)}$. In contrast to dynamics without time reversal, OTOC$^{(2)}$ are observed to remain sensitive to the underlying dynamics at long time scales. Furthermore, by inserting Pauli operators during quantum evolution and randomizing the phases of Pauli strings in the Heisenberg picture, we observe substantial changes in OTOC$^{(2)}$ values. This indicates that OTOC$^{(2)}$ is dominated by constructive interference between Pauli strings that form large loops in configuration space. The observed interference mechanism endows OTOC$^{(2)}$ with a high degree of classical simulation complexity, which culminates in a set of large-scale OTOC$^{(2)}$ measurements exceeding the simulation capacity of known classical algorithms. Further supported by an example of Hamiltonian learning through OTOC$^{(2)}$, our results indicate a viable path to practical quantum advantage. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2506_10191 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Constructive interference at the edge of quantum ergodic dynamics Abanin, Dmitry A. Acharya, Rajeev Aghababaie-Beni, Laleh Aigeldinger, Georg Ajoy, Ashok Alcaraz, Ross Aleiner, Igor Andersen, Trond I. Ansmann, Markus Arute, Frank Arya, Kunal Asfaw, Abraham Astrakhantsev, Nikita Atalaya, Juan Babbush, Ryan Bacon, Dave Ballard, Brian Bardin, Joseph C. Bengs, Christian Bengtsson, Andreas Bilmes, Alexander Boixo, Sergio Bortoli, Gina Bourassa, Alexandre Bovaird, Jenna Bowers, Dylan Brill, Leon Broughton, Michael Browne, David A. Buchea, Brett Buckley, Bob B. Buell, David A. Burger, Tim Burkett, Brian Bushnell, Nicholas Cabrera, Anthony Campero, Juan Chang, Hung-Shen Chen, Yu Chen, Zijun Chiaro, Ben Chih, Liang-Ying Chik, Desmond Chou, Charina Claes, Jahan Cleland, Agnetta Y. Cogan, Josh Cohen, Saul Collins, Roberto Conner, Paul Courtney, William Crook, Alexander L. Curtin, Ben Das, Sayan De Lorenzo, Laura Debroy, Dripto M. Demura, Sean Devoret, Michel Di Paolo, Agustin Donohoe, Paul Drozdov, Ilya Dunsworth, Andrew Earle, Clint Eickbusch, Alec Elbag, Aviv Moshe Elzouka, Mahmoud Erickson, Catherine Faoro, Lara Farhi, Edward Ferreira, Vinicius S. Burgos, Leslie Flores Forati, Ebrahim Fowler, Austin G. Foxen, Brooks Ganjam, Suhas Garcia, Gonzalo Gasca, Robert Genois, Elie Giang, William Gidney, Craig Gilboa, Dar Gosula, Raja Dau, Alejandro Grajales Graumann, Dietrich Greene, Alex Gross, Jonathan A. Gu, Hanfeng Habegger, Steve Hall, John Hamamura, Ikko Hamilton, Michael C. Hansen, Monica Harrigan, Matthew P. Harrington, Sean D. Heslin, Stephen Heu, Paula Higgott, Oscar Hill, Gordon Hilton, Jeremy Hong, Sabrina Huang, Hsin-Yuan Huff, Ashley Huggins, William J. Ioffe, Lev B. Isakov, Sergei V. Iveland, Justin Jeffrey, Evan Jiang, Zhang Jin, Xiaoxuan Jones, Cody Jordan, Stephen Joshi, Chaitali Juhas, Pavol Kabel, Andreas Kafri, Dvir Kang, Hui Karamlou, Amir H. Kechedzhi, Kostyantyn Kelly, Julian Khaire, Trupti Khattar, Tanuj Khezri, Mostafa Kim, Seon King, Robbie Klimov, Paul V. Klots, Andrey R. Kobrin, Bryce Korotkov, Alexander N. Kostritsa, Fedor Kothari, Robin Kreikebaum, John Mark Kurilovich, Vladislav D. Kyoseva, Elica Landhuis, David Lange-Dei, Tiano Langley, Brandon W. Laptev, Pavel Lau, Kim-Ming Guevel, Loick Le Ledford, Justin Lee, Joonho Lee, Kenny Lensky, Yuri D. Leon, Shannon Lester, Brian J. Li, Wing Yan Lill, Alexander T. Liu, Wayne Livingston, William P. Locharla, Aditya Lucero, Erik Lundahl, Daniel Lunt, Aaron Madhuk, Sid Malone, Fionn D. Maloney, Ashley Mandra, Salvatore Manyika, James M. Martin, Leigh S. Martin, Orion Martin, Steven Matias, Yossi Maxfield, Cameron McClean, Jarrod R. McEwen, Matt Meeks, Seneca Megrant, Anthony Mi, Xiao Miao, Kevin C. Mieszala, Amanda Molavi, Reza Molina, Sebastian Montazeri, Shirin Morvan, Alexis Movassagh, Ramis Mruczkiewicz, Wojciech Naaman, Ofer Neeley, Matthew Neill, Charles Nersisyan, Ani Neven, Hartmut Newman, Michael Ng, Jiun How Nguyen, Anthony Nguyen, Murray Ni, Chia-Hung Niu, Murphy Yuezhen Oas, Logan O'Brien, Thomas E. Oliver, William D. Opremcak, Alex Ottosson, Kristoffer Petukhov, Andre Pizzuto, Alex Platt, John Potter, Rebecca Pritchard, Orion Pryadko, Leonid P. Quintana, Chris Ramachandran, Ganesh Ramanathan, Chandrasekhar Reagor, Matthew J. Redding, John Rhodes, David M. Roberts, Gabrielle Rosenberg, Eliott Rosenfeld, Emma Roushan, Pedram Rubin, Nicholas C. Saei, Negar Sank, Daniel Sankaragomathi, Kannan Satzinger, Kevin J. Schmidhuber, Alexander Schurkus, Henry F. Schuster, Christopher Schuster, Thomas Shearn, Michael J. Shorter, Aaron Shutty, Noah Shvarts, Vladimir Sivak, Volodymyr Skruzny, Jindra Small, Spencer Smelyanskiy, Vadim Smith, W. Clarke Somma, Rolando D. Springer, Sofia Sterling, George Strain, Doug Suchard, Jordan Suchsland, Philippe Szasz, Aaron Sztein, Alex Thor, Douglas Tomita, Eifu Torres, Alfredo Torunbalci, M. Mert Vaishnav, Abeer Vargas, Justin Vdovichev, Sergey Vidal, Guifre Villalonga, Benjamin Heidweiller, Catherine Vollgraff Waltman, Steven Wang, Shannon X. Ware, Brayden Weber, Kate Weidel, Travis Westerhout, Tom White, Theodore Wong, Kristi Woo, Bryan W. K. Xing, Cheng Yao, Z. Jamie Yeh, Ping Ying, Bicheng Yoo, Juhwan Yosri, Noureldin Young, Grayson Zalcman, Adam Zhang, Chongwei Zhang, Yaxing Zhu, Ningfeng Zobrist, Nicholas Quantum Physics Other Condensed Matter Applied Physics Quantum observables in the form of few-point correlators are the key to characterizing the dynamics of quantum many-body systems. In dynamics with fast entanglement generation, quantum observables generally become insensitive to the details of the underlying dynamics at long times due to the effects of scrambling. In experimental systems, repeated time-reversal protocols have been successfully implemented to restore sensitivities of quantum observables. Using a 103-qubit superconducting quantum processor, we characterize ergodic dynamics using the second-order out-of-time-order correlators, OTOC$^{(2)}$. In contrast to dynamics without time reversal, OTOC$^{(2)}$ are observed to remain sensitive to the underlying dynamics at long time scales. Furthermore, by inserting Pauli operators during quantum evolution and randomizing the phases of Pauli strings in the Heisenberg picture, we observe substantial changes in OTOC$^{(2)}$ values. This indicates that OTOC$^{(2)}$ is dominated by constructive interference between Pauli strings that form large loops in configuration space. The observed interference mechanism endows OTOC$^{(2)}$ with a high degree of classical simulation complexity, which culminates in a set of large-scale OTOC$^{(2)}$ measurements exceeding the simulation capacity of known classical algorithms. Further supported by an example of Hamiltonian learning through OTOC$^{(2)}$, our results indicate a viable path to practical quantum advantage. |
| title | Constructive interference at the edge of quantum ergodic dynamics |
| topic | Quantum Physics Other Condensed Matter Applied Physics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.10191 |