Bug Classification in Quantum Software: A Rule-Based Framework and Its Evaluation
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arXiv
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| Autores principales: | , |
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| Formato: | Preprint |
| Publicado: |
2025
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| _version_ | 1866917161711173632 |
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| author | Yousuf, Mir Mohammad Sofi, Shabir Ahmad |
| author_facet | Yousuf, Mir Mohammad Sofi, Shabir Ahmad |
| contents | Accurate classification of software bugs is essential for improving software quality. This paper presents a rule-based automated framework for classifying issues in quantum software repositories by bug type, category, severity, and impacted quality attributes, with additional focus on quantum-specific bug types. The framework applies keyword and heuristic-based techniques tailored to quantum computing. To assess its reliability, we manually classified a stratified sample of 4,984 issues from a dataset of 12,910 issues across 36 Qiskit repositories. Automated classifications were compared with ground truth using accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score. The framework achieved up to 85.21% accuracy, with F1-scores ranging from 0.7075 (severity) to 0.8393 (quality attribute). Statistical validation via paired t-tests and Cohen's Kappa showed substantial to almost perfect agreement for bug type (k = 0.696), category (k = 0.826), quality attribute (k = 0.818), and quantum-specific bug type (k = 0.712). Severity classification showed slight agreement (k = 0.162), suggesting room for improvement. Large-scale analysis revealed that classical bugs dominate (67.2%), with quantum-specific bugs at 27.3%. Frequent bug categories included compatibility, functional, and quantum-specific defects, while usability, maintainability, and interoperability were the most impacted quality attributes. Most issues (93.7%) were low severity; only 4.3% were critical. A detailed review of 1,550 quantum-specific bugs showed that over half involved quantum circuit-level problems, followed by gate errors and hardware-related issues. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2506_10397 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Bug Classification in Quantum Software: A Rule-Based Framework and Its Evaluation Yousuf, Mir Mohammad Sofi, Shabir Ahmad Software Engineering Computers and Society Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing Accurate classification of software bugs is essential for improving software quality. This paper presents a rule-based automated framework for classifying issues in quantum software repositories by bug type, category, severity, and impacted quality attributes, with additional focus on quantum-specific bug types. The framework applies keyword and heuristic-based techniques tailored to quantum computing. To assess its reliability, we manually classified a stratified sample of 4,984 issues from a dataset of 12,910 issues across 36 Qiskit repositories. Automated classifications were compared with ground truth using accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score. The framework achieved up to 85.21% accuracy, with F1-scores ranging from 0.7075 (severity) to 0.8393 (quality attribute). Statistical validation via paired t-tests and Cohen's Kappa showed substantial to almost perfect agreement for bug type (k = 0.696), category (k = 0.826), quality attribute (k = 0.818), and quantum-specific bug type (k = 0.712). Severity classification showed slight agreement (k = 0.162), suggesting room for improvement. Large-scale analysis revealed that classical bugs dominate (67.2%), with quantum-specific bugs at 27.3%. Frequent bug categories included compatibility, functional, and quantum-specific defects, while usability, maintainability, and interoperability were the most impacted quality attributes. Most issues (93.7%) were low severity; only 4.3% were critical. A detailed review of 1,550 quantum-specific bugs showed that over half involved quantum circuit-level problems, followed by gate errors and hardware-related issues. |
| title | Bug Classification in Quantum Software: A Rule-Based Framework and Its Evaluation |
| topic | Software Engineering Computers and Society Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.10397 |