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Hauptverfasser: Zhang, Heng-Yu, Ma, Xin-Hua, Chen, Tian-Lu, Cui, Shu-Wang, Danzengluobu, Gao, Wei, Gao, Wen-Chao, Gao, Xin-Rui, Gong, Zi-Ao, Hu, Hai-Bing, Kuleshov, Denis, Kurinov, Kirill, Li, Bing-Bing, Li, Fan-Ping, Li, Jia-Heng, Li, Yang, Liu, Hu, Liu, Mao-Yuan, Liu, Ye, Pan, Xi-An, Peng, Da-Yu, Qi, Yao-Hui, Qu, Dong, Shchegolev, Oleg, Stenkin, Yuri, Yang, Tian-Shuang, Yin, Li-Qiao, Zhang, Hui-Qian, Zhang, Liang-Wei, Zhang, Shi-Yuan
Format: Preprint
Veröffentlicht: 2025
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Online-Zugang:https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.10510
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author Zhang, Heng-Yu
Ma, Xin-Hua
Chen, Tian-Lu
Cui, Shu-Wang
Danzengluobu
Gao, Wei
Gao, Wen-Chao
Gao, Xin-Rui
Gong, Zi-Ao
Hu, Hai-Bing
Kuleshov, Denis
Kurinov, Kirill
Li, Bing-Bing
Li, Fan-Ping
Li, Jia-Heng
Li, Yang
Liu, Hu
Liu, Mao-Yuan
Liu, Ye
Pan, Xi-An
Peng, Da-Yu
Qi, Yao-Hui
Qu, Dong
Shchegolev, Oleg
Stenkin, Yuri
Yang, Tian-Shuang
Yin, Li-Qiao
Zhang, Hui-Qian
Zhang, Liang-Wei
Zhang, Shi-Yuan
author_facet Zhang, Heng-Yu
Ma, Xin-Hua
Chen, Tian-Lu
Cui, Shu-Wang
Danzengluobu
Gao, Wei
Gao, Wen-Chao
Gao, Xin-Rui
Gong, Zi-Ao
Hu, Hai-Bing
Kuleshov, Denis
Kurinov, Kirill
Li, Bing-Bing
Li, Fan-Ping
Li, Jia-Heng
Li, Yang
Liu, Hu
Liu, Mao-Yuan
Liu, Ye
Pan, Xi-An
Peng, Da-Yu
Qi, Yao-Hui
Qu, Dong
Shchegolev, Oleg
Stenkin, Yuri
Yang, Tian-Shuang
Yin, Li-Qiao
Zhang, Hui-Qian
Zhang, Liang-Wei
Zhang, Shi-Yuan
contents Introduction:Electron-Neutron Detector Array (ENDA) is designed to measure thermal neutrons produced by hadronic interactions between cosmic ray extensive air showers (EAS) and the surrounding environment as well as electrons around the cores of EAS. ENDA is located within Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO). ENDA was expanded from an initial 16 detectors to 64 detectors in April 2023, so called ENDA-64, and has been running alongside LHAASO. The stability and consistency of neutron detection are crucial for laying a solid foundation for subsequent data analysis and physical results. Methods:We obtain the stability by studying variations of event rate and thermal neutron rate in each cluster and the consistency by comparing distribution of number of thermal neutrons between clusters. Additionally, we investigate the specific influences of the rainy and dry seasons, as well as the presence or absence of sand cubes under the detectors, to examine the environmental factors affecting neutron measurement performance. Results:The calibration results indicate good consistency in thermal neutron detection across the clusters, with the maximum inconsistency of 6.85%. The maximum instability of event rate and thermal neutron rate over time are 4.68% and 11.0% respectively. The maximum inconsistency between the clusters without the sand cubes is 18%. The use of sand cubes is effective in protecting the target material from rainwater, and the sand cubes help the cluster to increase collection of neutrons generated by EAS events.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2506_10510
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Study of Stability and Consistency of EAS Thermal Neutron Detection at ENDA-64
Zhang, Heng-Yu
Ma, Xin-Hua
Chen, Tian-Lu
Cui, Shu-Wang
Danzengluobu
Gao, Wei
Gao, Wen-Chao
Gao, Xin-Rui
Gong, Zi-Ao
Hu, Hai-Bing
Kuleshov, Denis
Kurinov, Kirill
Li, Bing-Bing
Li, Fan-Ping
Li, Jia-Heng
Li, Yang
Liu, Hu
Liu, Mao-Yuan
Liu, Ye
Pan, Xi-An
Peng, Da-Yu
Qi, Yao-Hui
Qu, Dong
Shchegolev, Oleg
Stenkin, Yuri
Yang, Tian-Shuang
Yin, Li-Qiao
Zhang, Hui-Qian
Zhang, Liang-Wei
Zhang, Shi-Yuan
High Energy Physics - Experiment
Instrumentation and Detectors
Introduction:Electron-Neutron Detector Array (ENDA) is designed to measure thermal neutrons produced by hadronic interactions between cosmic ray extensive air showers (EAS) and the surrounding environment as well as electrons around the cores of EAS. ENDA is located within Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO). ENDA was expanded from an initial 16 detectors to 64 detectors in April 2023, so called ENDA-64, and has been running alongside LHAASO. The stability and consistency of neutron detection are crucial for laying a solid foundation for subsequent data analysis and physical results. Methods:We obtain the stability by studying variations of event rate and thermal neutron rate in each cluster and the consistency by comparing distribution of number of thermal neutrons between clusters. Additionally, we investigate the specific influences of the rainy and dry seasons, as well as the presence or absence of sand cubes under the detectors, to examine the environmental factors affecting neutron measurement performance. Results:The calibration results indicate good consistency in thermal neutron detection across the clusters, with the maximum inconsistency of 6.85%. The maximum instability of event rate and thermal neutron rate over time are 4.68% and 11.0% respectively. The maximum inconsistency between the clusters without the sand cubes is 18%. The use of sand cubes is effective in protecting the target material from rainwater, and the sand cubes help the cluster to increase collection of neutrons generated by EAS events.
title Study of Stability and Consistency of EAS Thermal Neutron Detection at ENDA-64
topic High Energy Physics - Experiment
Instrumentation and Detectors
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.10510