Predictable Scale: Part II, Farseer: A Refined Scaling Law in Large Language Models

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Li, Houyi, Zheng, Wenzhen, Wang, Qiufeng, Ding, Zhenyu, Wang, Haoying, Wang, Zili, Xuyang, Shijie, Ding, Ning, Zhou, Shuigeng, Zhang, Xiangyu, Jiang, Daxin
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Li, Houyi
Zheng, Wenzhen
Wang, Qiufeng
Ding, Zhenyu
Wang, Haoying
Wang, Zili
Xuyang, Shijie
Ding, Ning
Zhou, Shuigeng
Zhang, Xiangyu
Jiang, Daxin
author_facet Li, Houyi
Zheng, Wenzhen
Wang, Qiufeng
Ding, Zhenyu
Wang, Haoying
Wang, Zili
Xuyang, Shijie
Ding, Ning
Zhou, Shuigeng
Zhang, Xiangyu
Jiang, Daxin
contents Training Large Language Models (LLMs) is prohibitively expensive, creating a critical scaling gap where insights from small-scale experiments often fail to transfer to resource-intensive production systems, thereby hindering efficient innovation. To bridge this, we introduce Farseer, a novel and refined scaling law offering enhanced predictive accuracy across scales. By systematically constructing a model loss surface $L(N,D)$, Farseer achieves a significantly better fit to empirical data than prior laws (e.g., Chinchilla's law). Our methodology yields accurate, robust, and highly generalizable predictions, demonstrating excellent extrapolation capabilities, improving upon Chinchilla's law by reducing extrapolation error by 433\%. This allows for the reliable evaluation of competing training strategies across all $(N,D)$ settings, enabling conclusions from small-scale ablation studies to be confidently extrapolated to predict large-scale performance. Furthermore, Farseer provides new insights into optimal compute allocation, better reflecting the nuanced demands of modern LLM training. To validate our approach, we trained an extensive suite of approximately 1,000 LLMs across diverse scales and configurations, consuming roughly 3 million NVIDIA H100 GPU hours. We are comprehensively open-sourcing all models, data, results, and logs at https://github.com/Farseer-Scaling-Law/Farseer to foster further research.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2506_10972
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Predictable Scale: Part II, Farseer: A Refined Scaling Law in Large Language Models
Li, Houyi
Zheng, Wenzhen
Wang, Qiufeng
Ding, Zhenyu
Wang, Haoying
Wang, Zili
Xuyang, Shijie
Ding, Ning
Zhou, Shuigeng
Zhang, Xiangyu
Jiang, Daxin
Machine Learning
Artificial Intelligence
I.2
Training Large Language Models (LLMs) is prohibitively expensive, creating a critical scaling gap where insights from small-scale experiments often fail to transfer to resource-intensive production systems, thereby hindering efficient innovation. To bridge this, we introduce Farseer, a novel and refined scaling law offering enhanced predictive accuracy across scales. By systematically constructing a model loss surface $L(N,D)$, Farseer achieves a significantly better fit to empirical data than prior laws (e.g., Chinchilla's law). Our methodology yields accurate, robust, and highly generalizable predictions, demonstrating excellent extrapolation capabilities, improving upon Chinchilla's law by reducing extrapolation error by 433\%. This allows for the reliable evaluation of competing training strategies across all $(N,D)$ settings, enabling conclusions from small-scale ablation studies to be confidently extrapolated to predict large-scale performance. Furthermore, Farseer provides new insights into optimal compute allocation, better reflecting the nuanced demands of modern LLM training. To validate our approach, we trained an extensive suite of approximately 1,000 LLMs across diverse scales and configurations, consuming roughly 3 million NVIDIA H100 GPU hours. We are comprehensively open-sourcing all models, data, results, and logs at https://github.com/Farseer-Scaling-Law/Farseer to foster further research.
title Predictable Scale: Part II, Farseer: A Refined Scaling Law in Large Language Models
topic Machine Learning
Artificial Intelligence
I.2
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.10972