Decoding Cortical Microcircuits: A Generative Model for Latent Space Exploration and Controlled Synthesis

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Liu, Xingyu, Li, Yubin, Chen, Guozhang
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Liu, Xingyu
Li, Yubin
Chen, Guozhang
author_facet Liu, Xingyu
Li, Yubin
Chen, Guozhang
contents A central idea in understanding brains and building artificial intelligence is that structure determines function. Yet, how the brain's complex structure arises from a limited set of genetic instructions remains a key question. The ultra high-dimensional detail of neural connections vastly exceeds the information storage capacity of genes, suggesting a compact, low-dimensional blueprint must guide brain development. Our motivation is to uncover this blueprint. We introduce a generative model, to learn this underlying representation from detailed connectivity maps of mouse cortical microcircuits. Our model successfully captures the essential structural information of these circuits in a compressed latent space. We found that specific, interpretable directions within this space directly relate to understandable network properties. Building on this, we demonstrate a novel method to controllably generate new, synthetic microcircuits with desired structural features by navigating this latent space. This work offers a new way to investigate the design principles of neural circuits and explore how structure gives rise to function, potentially informing the development of more advanced artificial neural networks.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2506_11062
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Decoding Cortical Microcircuits: A Generative Model for Latent Space Exploration and Controlled Synthesis
Liu, Xingyu
Li, Yubin
Chen, Guozhang
Neurons and Cognition
Artificial Intelligence
Neural and Evolutionary Computing
A central idea in understanding brains and building artificial intelligence is that structure determines function. Yet, how the brain's complex structure arises from a limited set of genetic instructions remains a key question. The ultra high-dimensional detail of neural connections vastly exceeds the information storage capacity of genes, suggesting a compact, low-dimensional blueprint must guide brain development. Our motivation is to uncover this blueprint. We introduce a generative model, to learn this underlying representation from detailed connectivity maps of mouse cortical microcircuits. Our model successfully captures the essential structural information of these circuits in a compressed latent space. We found that specific, interpretable directions within this space directly relate to understandable network properties. Building on this, we demonstrate a novel method to controllably generate new, synthetic microcircuits with desired structural features by navigating this latent space. This work offers a new way to investigate the design principles of neural circuits and explore how structure gives rise to function, potentially informing the development of more advanced artificial neural networks.
title Decoding Cortical Microcircuits: A Generative Model for Latent Space Exploration and Controlled Synthesis
topic Neurons and Cognition
Artificial Intelligence
Neural and Evolutionary Computing
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.11062