Causal Effect Identification in Heterogeneous Environments from Higher-Order Moments

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Kivva, Yaroslav, Akbari, Sina, Salehkaleybar, Saber, Kiyavash, Negar
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Kivva, Yaroslav
Akbari, Sina
Salehkaleybar, Saber
Kiyavash, Negar
author_facet Kivva, Yaroslav
Akbari, Sina
Salehkaleybar, Saber
Kiyavash, Negar
contents We investigate the estimation of the causal effect of a treatment variable on an outcome in the presence of a latent confounder. We first show that the causal effect is identifiable under certain conditions when data is available from multiple environments, provided that the target causal effect remains invariant across these environments. Secondly, we propose a moment-based algorithm for estimating the causal effect as long as only a single parameter of the data-generating mechanism varies across environments -- whether it be the exogenous noise distribution or the causal relationship between two variables. Conversely, we prove that identifiability is lost if both exogenous noise distributions of both the latent and treatment variables vary across environments. Finally, we propose a procedure to identify which parameter of the data-generating mechanism has varied across the environments and evaluate the performance of our proposed methods through experiments on synthetic data.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2506_11756
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Causal Effect Identification in Heterogeneous Environments from Higher-Order Moments
Kivva, Yaroslav
Akbari, Sina
Salehkaleybar, Saber
Kiyavash, Negar
Artificial Intelligence
Machine Learning
Probability
We investigate the estimation of the causal effect of a treatment variable on an outcome in the presence of a latent confounder. We first show that the causal effect is identifiable under certain conditions when data is available from multiple environments, provided that the target causal effect remains invariant across these environments. Secondly, we propose a moment-based algorithm for estimating the causal effect as long as only a single parameter of the data-generating mechanism varies across environments -- whether it be the exogenous noise distribution or the causal relationship between two variables. Conversely, we prove that identifiability is lost if both exogenous noise distributions of both the latent and treatment variables vary across environments. Finally, we propose a procedure to identify which parameter of the data-generating mechanism has varied across the environments and evaluate the performance of our proposed methods through experiments on synthetic data.
title Causal Effect Identification in Heterogeneous Environments from Higher-Order Moments
topic Artificial Intelligence
Machine Learning
Probability
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.11756