Lexicographic products and lexicographic powers of graphs -- a walk matrix approach

Fuente: arXiv
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Autori principali: Cardoso, Domingos M., Carvalho, Paula, Gomes, Helena, Pinheiro, Sofia J., Rama, Paula
Natura: Preprint
Pubblicazione: 2025
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author Cardoso, Domingos M.
Carvalho, Paula
Gomes, Helena
Pinheiro, Sofia J.
Rama, Paula
author_facet Cardoso, Domingos M.
Carvalho, Paula
Gomes, Helena
Pinheiro, Sofia J.
Rama, Paula
contents The characteristic polynomial and the spectrum of the lexicographic product of graphs $H[G]$, a specific instance of the generalized composition (also called $H$-join), are explicitly determined for arbitrary graphs $H$ and $G$, in terms of the eigenvalues of $G$ and an $H[G]$ associated matrix $\widetilde{\bf W}$, which relates $H$ with $G$. This study also establishes conditions under which a main eigenvalue of $G$ is a main or non-main eigenvalue of the matrix $\widetilde{\bf W}$, when the nullity of the graph $H$ is $η>0$. In such a case, we prove that every main eigenvalue of $G$ is an eigenvalue of $\widetilde{\bf W}$ with multiplicity at least $η$ which is non-main for $\bf \widetilde{W}$ if and only if $0$ is a non-main eigenvalue of $H$. Furthermore, the spectra of the lexicographic powers of arbitrary graphs $G$ are analysed by applying the obtained results.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2506_12168
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Lexicographic products and lexicographic powers of graphs -- a walk matrix approach
Cardoso, Domingos M.
Carvalho, Paula
Gomes, Helena
Pinheiro, Sofia J.
Rama, Paula
Combinatorics
05C50, 05C76
The characteristic polynomial and the spectrum of the lexicographic product of graphs $H[G]$, a specific instance of the generalized composition (also called $H$-join), are explicitly determined for arbitrary graphs $H$ and $G$, in terms of the eigenvalues of $G$ and an $H[G]$ associated matrix $\widetilde{\bf W}$, which relates $H$ with $G$. This study also establishes conditions under which a main eigenvalue of $G$ is a main or non-main eigenvalue of the matrix $\widetilde{\bf W}$, when the nullity of the graph $H$ is $η>0$. In such a case, we prove that every main eigenvalue of $G$ is an eigenvalue of $\widetilde{\bf W}$ with multiplicity at least $η$ which is non-main for $\bf \widetilde{W}$ if and only if $0$ is a non-main eigenvalue of $H$. Furthermore, the spectra of the lexicographic powers of arbitrary graphs $G$ are analysed by applying the obtained results.
title Lexicographic products and lexicographic powers of graphs -- a walk matrix approach
topic Combinatorics
05C50, 05C76
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.12168