The Rise of AI Companions: Interaction with AI Companions and Psychological Well-being

Fuente: arXiv
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Autores principales: Zhang, Yutong, Zhao, Dora, Hancock, Jeffrey T., Kraut, Robert, Yang, Diyi
Formato: Preprint
Publicado: 2025
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author Zhang, Yutong
Zhao, Dora
Hancock, Jeffrey T.
Kraut, Robert
Yang, Diyi
author_facet Zhang, Yutong
Zhao, Dora
Hancock, Jeffrey T.
Kraut, Robert
Yang, Diyi
contents As large language model (LLM)-enhanced chatbots become increasingly expressive and socially responsive, many users begin forming companionship-like bonds with them. This study investigates how using AI companions relates to psychological well-being. We collected self-reported data from 1,131 U.S. adults who use CharacterAI, including survey responses and 4,664 chat sessions (464,687 messages) from 237 participants. By triangulating self-reported usage, relationship descriptions, and real chat histories, we identify patterns of engagement and associated outcomes. Smaller social networks were associated with reporting companionship as the primary chatbot use (beta = -0.03, 95% confidence interval (CI) [-0.05, -0.01]), which in turn was associated with lower well-being (beta = -0.48, 95% CI [-0.70, -0.25]). For self-reported companionship usage, this association was stronger when interactions were intensive (beta = -0.31, 95% CI [-0.56, -0.06]) and highly disclosive (beta = -0.38, 95% CI [-0.63, -0.14]). These results suggest that the association between AI companionship and well-being is not uniform and depends on how chatbots are used and users' offline social environments.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2506_12605
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle The Rise of AI Companions: Interaction with AI Companions and Psychological Well-being
Zhang, Yutong
Zhao, Dora
Hancock, Jeffrey T.
Kraut, Robert
Yang, Diyi
Human-Computer Interaction
As large language model (LLM)-enhanced chatbots become increasingly expressive and socially responsive, many users begin forming companionship-like bonds with them. This study investigates how using AI companions relates to psychological well-being. We collected self-reported data from 1,131 U.S. adults who use CharacterAI, including survey responses and 4,664 chat sessions (464,687 messages) from 237 participants. By triangulating self-reported usage, relationship descriptions, and real chat histories, we identify patterns of engagement and associated outcomes. Smaller social networks were associated with reporting companionship as the primary chatbot use (beta = -0.03, 95% confidence interval (CI) [-0.05, -0.01]), which in turn was associated with lower well-being (beta = -0.48, 95% CI [-0.70, -0.25]). For self-reported companionship usage, this association was stronger when interactions were intensive (beta = -0.31, 95% CI [-0.56, -0.06]) and highly disclosive (beta = -0.38, 95% CI [-0.63, -0.14]). These results suggest that the association between AI companionship and well-being is not uniform and depends on how chatbots are used and users' offline social environments.
title The Rise of AI Companions: Interaction with AI Companions and Psychological Well-being
topic Human-Computer Interaction
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.12605