Computing the Bogoliubov-de Gennes excitations of two-component Bose-Einstein condensates

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Xie, Manting, Zhang, Yong
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Xie, Manting
Zhang, Yong
author_facet Xie, Manting
Zhang, Yong
contents In this paper, we present an efficient and spectrally accurate numerical method to compute elementary/collective excitations in two-component Bose-Einstein condensates (BEC), around their mean-field ground state, by solving the associated Bogoliubov-de Gennes (BdG) equation. The BdG equation is essentially an eigenvalue problem for a non-Hermitian differential operator with an eigenfunction normalization constraint. Firstly, we investigate its analytical properties, including the exact eigenpairs, generalized nullspace structure and bi-orthogonality of eigenspaces. Subsequently, by combining the Fourier spectral method for spatial discretization and a stable modified Gram-Schmidt bi-orthogonal algorithm, we propose a structure-preserving iterative method for the resulting large-scale dense non-Hermitian discrete eigenvalue problem. Our method is matrix-free, and the matrix-vector multiplication (or the operator-function evaluation) is implemented with a near-optimal complexity ${\mathcal O}(N_{\rm t}\log(N_{\rm t}))$, where $N_{\rm t}$ is the total number of grid points, thanks to the utilization of the discrete Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). Therefore, it is memory-friendly, spectrally accurate, and highly efficient. Finally, we carry out a comprehensive numerical investigation to showcase its superiority in terms of accuracy and efficiency, alongside some applications to compute the excitation spectrum and Bogoliubov amplitudes in one, two, and three-dimensional problems.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2506_12688
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Computing the Bogoliubov-de Gennes excitations of two-component Bose-Einstein condensates
Xie, Manting
Zhang, Yong
Numerical Analysis
In this paper, we present an efficient and spectrally accurate numerical method to compute elementary/collective excitations in two-component Bose-Einstein condensates (BEC), around their mean-field ground state, by solving the associated Bogoliubov-de Gennes (BdG) equation. The BdG equation is essentially an eigenvalue problem for a non-Hermitian differential operator with an eigenfunction normalization constraint. Firstly, we investigate its analytical properties, including the exact eigenpairs, generalized nullspace structure and bi-orthogonality of eigenspaces. Subsequently, by combining the Fourier spectral method for spatial discretization and a stable modified Gram-Schmidt bi-orthogonal algorithm, we propose a structure-preserving iterative method for the resulting large-scale dense non-Hermitian discrete eigenvalue problem. Our method is matrix-free, and the matrix-vector multiplication (or the operator-function evaluation) is implemented with a near-optimal complexity ${\mathcal O}(N_{\rm t}\log(N_{\rm t}))$, where $N_{\rm t}$ is the total number of grid points, thanks to the utilization of the discrete Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). Therefore, it is memory-friendly, spectrally accurate, and highly efficient. Finally, we carry out a comprehensive numerical investigation to showcase its superiority in terms of accuracy and efficiency, alongside some applications to compute the excitation spectrum and Bogoliubov amplitudes in one, two, and three-dimensional problems.
title Computing the Bogoliubov-de Gennes excitations of two-component Bose-Einstein condensates
topic Numerical Analysis
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.12688