Democratic or Authoritarian? Probing a New Dimension of Political Biases in Large Language Models

Fuente: arXiv
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Auteurs principaux: Piedrahita, David Guzman, Strauss, Irene, Schölkopf, Bernhard, Mihalcea, Rada, Jin, Zhijing
Format: Preprint
Publié: 2025
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author Piedrahita, David Guzman
Strauss, Irene
Schölkopf, Bernhard
Mihalcea, Rada
Jin, Zhijing
author_facet Piedrahita, David Guzman
Strauss, Irene
Schölkopf, Bernhard
Mihalcea, Rada
Jin, Zhijing
contents As Large Language Models (LLMs) become increasingly integrated into everyday life and information ecosystems, concerns about their implicit biases continue to persist. While prior work has primarily examined socio-demographic and left--right political dimensions, little attention has been paid to how LLMs align with broader geopolitical value systems, particularly the democracy--authoritarianism spectrum. In this paper, we propose a novel methodology to assess such alignment, combining (1) the F-scale, a psychometric tool for measuring authoritarian tendencies, (2) FavScore, a newly introduced metric for evaluating model favorability toward world leaders, and (3) role-model probing to assess which figures are cited as general role-models by LLMs. We find that LLMs generally favor democratic values and leaders, but exhibit increased favorability toward authoritarian figures when prompted in Mandarin. Further, models are found to often cite authoritarian figures as role models, even outside explicit political contexts. These results shed light on ways LLMs may reflect and potentially reinforce global political ideologies, highlighting the importance of evaluating bias beyond conventional socio-political axes. Our code is available at: https://github.com/irenestrauss/Democratic-Authoritarian-Bias-LLMs.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2506_12758
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Democratic or Authoritarian? Probing a New Dimension of Political Biases in Large Language Models
Piedrahita, David Guzman
Strauss, Irene
Schölkopf, Bernhard
Mihalcea, Rada
Jin, Zhijing
Computation and Language
As Large Language Models (LLMs) become increasingly integrated into everyday life and information ecosystems, concerns about their implicit biases continue to persist. While prior work has primarily examined socio-demographic and left--right political dimensions, little attention has been paid to how LLMs align with broader geopolitical value systems, particularly the democracy--authoritarianism spectrum. In this paper, we propose a novel methodology to assess such alignment, combining (1) the F-scale, a psychometric tool for measuring authoritarian tendencies, (2) FavScore, a newly introduced metric for evaluating model favorability toward world leaders, and (3) role-model probing to assess which figures are cited as general role-models by LLMs. We find that LLMs generally favor democratic values and leaders, but exhibit increased favorability toward authoritarian figures when prompted in Mandarin. Further, models are found to often cite authoritarian figures as role models, even outside explicit political contexts. These results shed light on ways LLMs may reflect and potentially reinforce global political ideologies, highlighting the importance of evaluating bias beyond conventional socio-political axes. Our code is available at: https://github.com/irenestrauss/Democratic-Authoritarian-Bias-LLMs.
title Democratic or Authoritarian? Probing a New Dimension of Political Biases in Large Language Models
topic Computation and Language
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.12758