Delayed Expansion AGT: Kinodynamic Planning with Application to Tractor-Trailer Parking

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Zheng, Dongliang, Wang, Yebin, Di Cairano, Stefano, Tsiotras, Panagiotis
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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_version_ 1866916795899707392
author Zheng, Dongliang
Wang, Yebin
Di Cairano, Stefano
Tsiotras, Panagiotis
author_facet Zheng, Dongliang
Wang, Yebin
Di Cairano, Stefano
Tsiotras, Panagiotis
contents Kinodynamic planning of articulated vehicles in cluttered environments faces additional challenges arising from high-dimensional state space and complex system dynamics. Built upon [1],[2], this work proposes the DE-AGT algorithm that grows a tree using pre-computed motion primitives (MPs) and A* heuristics. The first feature of DE-AGT is a delayed expansion of MPs. In particular, the MPs are divided into different modes, which are ranked online. With the MP classification and prioritization, DE-AGT expands the most promising mode of MPs first, which eliminates unnecessary computation and finds solutions faster. To obtain the cost-to-go heuristic for nonholonomic articulated vehicles, we rely on supervised learning and train neural networks for fast and accurate cost-to-go prediction. The learned heuristic is used for online mode ranking and node selection. Another feature of DE-AGT is the improved goal-reaching. Exactly reaching a goal state usually requires a constant connection checking with the goal by solving steering problems -- non-trivial and time-consuming for articulated vehicles. The proposed termination scheme overcomes this challenge by tightly integrating a light-weight trajectory tracking controller with the search process. DE-AGT is implemented for autonomous parking of a general car-like tractor with 3-trailer. Simulation results show an average of 10x acceleration compared to a previous method.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2506_13421
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Delayed Expansion AGT: Kinodynamic Planning with Application to Tractor-Trailer Parking
Zheng, Dongliang
Wang, Yebin
Di Cairano, Stefano
Tsiotras, Panagiotis
Robotics
Systems and Control
Kinodynamic planning of articulated vehicles in cluttered environments faces additional challenges arising from high-dimensional state space and complex system dynamics. Built upon [1],[2], this work proposes the DE-AGT algorithm that grows a tree using pre-computed motion primitives (MPs) and A* heuristics. The first feature of DE-AGT is a delayed expansion of MPs. In particular, the MPs are divided into different modes, which are ranked online. With the MP classification and prioritization, DE-AGT expands the most promising mode of MPs first, which eliminates unnecessary computation and finds solutions faster. To obtain the cost-to-go heuristic for nonholonomic articulated vehicles, we rely on supervised learning and train neural networks for fast and accurate cost-to-go prediction. The learned heuristic is used for online mode ranking and node selection. Another feature of DE-AGT is the improved goal-reaching. Exactly reaching a goal state usually requires a constant connection checking with the goal by solving steering problems -- non-trivial and time-consuming for articulated vehicles. The proposed termination scheme overcomes this challenge by tightly integrating a light-weight trajectory tracking controller with the search process. DE-AGT is implemented for autonomous parking of a general car-like tractor with 3-trailer. Simulation results show an average of 10x acceleration compared to a previous method.
title Delayed Expansion AGT: Kinodynamic Planning with Application to Tractor-Trailer Parking
topic Robotics
Systems and Control
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.13421