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Hauptverfasser: Lellig, Sebastian, Balakumar, Subisha, Schweizer, Peter, Mayer, Eva P., Evertz, Simon, Hans, Marcus, Holzapfel, Damian M., Du, Yin, Zhou, Qing, Dienwiebel, Martin, Michler, Johann, Schneider, Jochen M.
Format: Preprint
Veröffentlicht: 2025
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Online-Zugang:https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.13808
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author Lellig, Sebastian
Balakumar, Subisha
Schweizer, Peter
Mayer, Eva P.
Evertz, Simon
Hans, Marcus
Holzapfel, Damian M.
Du, Yin
Zhou, Qing
Dienwiebel, Martin
Michler, Johann
Schneider, Jochen M.
author_facet Lellig, Sebastian
Balakumar, Subisha
Schweizer, Peter
Mayer, Eva P.
Evertz, Simon
Hans, Marcus
Holzapfel, Damian M.
Du, Yin
Zhou, Qing
Dienwiebel, Martin
Michler, Johann
Schneider, Jochen M.
contents Zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZDDP), as the most prominent lubrication additive, forms tribofilms consisting primarily of zinc phosphate glasses containing sulfides. As sulfur is linked to environmental concerns, sulfur-free zinc phosphate coatings have been sputtered from a Zn3(PO4)2 target and investigated here. Based on the bridging to non-bridging oxygen ratio, determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), the as deposited coatings are classified as metaphosphates. As the annealing temperature is increased, the chain lengths are reduced, as witnessed by XPS data indicated by a loss of phosphorus and oxygen of the coating surface, likely due to hydrolysis with water from the atmosphere. Transmission electron microscopy energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy line scans show that the XPS-revealed composition change of the coating surface upon annealing occurs over the whole thickness of the coating. This alteration in composition and chain length reductions causes a rise in hardness, reduced Young's modulus, and wear resistance. Therefore, the properties of the artificial zinc phosphate tribofilms can be tailored via a thermally stimulated composition change, causing an alternation in chain length from meta- to orthophosphate and thereby enabling the design of coatings with desired mechanical properties.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2506_13808
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Designing artificial zinc phosphate tribofilms with tailored mechanical properties by altering the chain length
Lellig, Sebastian
Balakumar, Subisha
Schweizer, Peter
Mayer, Eva P.
Evertz, Simon
Hans, Marcus
Holzapfel, Damian M.
Du, Yin
Zhou, Qing
Dienwiebel, Martin
Michler, Johann
Schneider, Jochen M.
Materials Science
Applied Physics
Zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZDDP), as the most prominent lubrication additive, forms tribofilms consisting primarily of zinc phosphate glasses containing sulfides. As sulfur is linked to environmental concerns, sulfur-free zinc phosphate coatings have been sputtered from a Zn3(PO4)2 target and investigated here. Based on the bridging to non-bridging oxygen ratio, determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), the as deposited coatings are classified as metaphosphates. As the annealing temperature is increased, the chain lengths are reduced, as witnessed by XPS data indicated by a loss of phosphorus and oxygen of the coating surface, likely due to hydrolysis with water from the atmosphere. Transmission electron microscopy energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy line scans show that the XPS-revealed composition change of the coating surface upon annealing occurs over the whole thickness of the coating. This alteration in composition and chain length reductions causes a rise in hardness, reduced Young's modulus, and wear resistance. Therefore, the properties of the artificial zinc phosphate tribofilms can be tailored via a thermally stimulated composition change, causing an alternation in chain length from meta- to orthophosphate and thereby enabling the design of coatings with desired mechanical properties.
title Designing artificial zinc phosphate tribofilms with tailored mechanical properties by altering the chain length
topic Materials Science
Applied Physics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.13808