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Main Authors: Gao, Xiyuan, Nierste, Ulrich
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.14876
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author Gao, Xiyuan
Nierste, Ulrich
author_facet Gao, Xiyuan
Nierste, Ulrich
contents An axion-like particle $a$ (ALP) can explain the excess of $B\rightarrow K + \text{invisible}$ events at Belle-II. However, many analyses of ALP scenarios are over-simplified. We revisit the $B\rightarrow K a$ transition rate in a popular minimal and UV complete model with two Higgs doublets (2HDM) and a complex singlet (DFSZ model). To this end we compare our results with previous studies which derived the $\overline{b}sa$ vertex from the $\overline{b}sA$ vertex, where $A$ is the heavy pseudo-scalar of the 2HDM, in terms of an $a-A$ mixing angle. We find this approach to work only at the leading one-loop order, while it fails at the two-loop level. Furthermore, while an approximate $Z_2$ symmetry suppresses the leading-order amplitude by a factor of $1/\tanβ$, which is the ratio of the two vacuum expectation values of the Higgs doublets, we find the two-loop contribution unsuppressed and phenomenologically relevant for $\tanβ\gtrsim 5$. We determine the allowed parameter space and underline the importance of better searches for $Υ\rightarrow γ+$invisible and for a possible excess in $B\rightarrow Kμ^+μ^-$. We further study the low-energy axion effective theory which leads to a divergent and basis-dependent amplitude. As a conceptual result, we clarify the ambiguities and identify which low-energy framework is consistent with the DFSZ model.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2506_14876
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
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spellingShingle $B\rightarrow K + \text{axion-like particles}$: effective versus UV-complete models and enhanced two-loop contributions
Gao, Xiyuan
Nierste, Ulrich
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
An axion-like particle $a$ (ALP) can explain the excess of $B\rightarrow K + \text{invisible}$ events at Belle-II. However, many analyses of ALP scenarios are over-simplified. We revisit the $B\rightarrow K a$ transition rate in a popular minimal and UV complete model with two Higgs doublets (2HDM) and a complex singlet (DFSZ model). To this end we compare our results with previous studies which derived the $\overline{b}sa$ vertex from the $\overline{b}sA$ vertex, where $A$ is the heavy pseudo-scalar of the 2HDM, in terms of an $a-A$ mixing angle. We find this approach to work only at the leading one-loop order, while it fails at the two-loop level. Furthermore, while an approximate $Z_2$ symmetry suppresses the leading-order amplitude by a factor of $1/\tanβ$, which is the ratio of the two vacuum expectation values of the Higgs doublets, we find the two-loop contribution unsuppressed and phenomenologically relevant for $\tanβ\gtrsim 5$. We determine the allowed parameter space and underline the importance of better searches for $Υ\rightarrow γ+$invisible and for a possible excess in $B\rightarrow Kμ^+μ^-$. We further study the low-energy axion effective theory which leads to a divergent and basis-dependent amplitude. As a conceptual result, we clarify the ambiguities and identify which low-energy framework is consistent with the DFSZ model.
title $B\rightarrow K + \text{axion-like particles}$: effective versus UV-complete models and enhanced two-loop contributions
topic High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.14876