Systems-Theoretic and Data-Driven Security Analysis in ML-enabled Medical Devices

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Mitra, Gargi, Hallajiyan, Mohammadreza, Kim, Inji, Dharmalingam, Athish Pranav, Elnawawy, Mohammed, Iqbal, Shahrear, Pattabiraman, Karthik, Alemzadeh, Homa
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Mitra, Gargi
Hallajiyan, Mohammadreza
Kim, Inji
Dharmalingam, Athish Pranav
Elnawawy, Mohammed
Iqbal, Shahrear
Pattabiraman, Karthik
Alemzadeh, Homa
author_facet Mitra, Gargi
Hallajiyan, Mohammadreza
Kim, Inji
Dharmalingam, Athish Pranav
Elnawawy, Mohammed
Iqbal, Shahrear
Pattabiraman, Karthik
Alemzadeh, Homa
contents The integration of AI/ML into medical devices is rapidly transforming healthcare by enhancing diagnostic and treatment facilities. However, this advancement also introduces serious cybersecurity risks due to the use of complex and often opaque models, extensive interconnectivity, interoperability with third-party peripheral devices, Internet connectivity, and vulnerabilities in the underlying technologies. These factors contribute to a broad attack surface and make threat prevention, detection, and mitigation challenging. Given the highly safety-critical nature of these devices, a cyberattack on these devices can cause the ML models to mispredict, thereby posing significant safety risks to patients. Therefore, ensuring the security of these devices from the time of design is essential. This paper underscores the urgency of addressing the cybersecurity challenges in ML-enabled medical devices at the pre-market phase. We begin by analyzing publicly available data on device recalls and adverse events, and known vulnerabilities, to understand the threat landscape of AI/ML-enabled medical devices and their repercussions on patient safety. Building on this analysis, we introduce a suite of tools and techniques designed by us to assist security analysts in conducting comprehensive premarket risk assessments. Our work aims to empower manufacturers to embed cybersecurity as a core design principle in AI/ML-enabled medical devices, thereby making them safe for patients.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2506_15028
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Systems-Theoretic and Data-Driven Security Analysis in ML-enabled Medical Devices
Mitra, Gargi
Hallajiyan, Mohammadreza
Kim, Inji
Dharmalingam, Athish Pranav
Elnawawy, Mohammed
Iqbal, Shahrear
Pattabiraman, Karthik
Alemzadeh, Homa
Cryptography and Security
Emerging Technologies
Machine Learning
The integration of AI/ML into medical devices is rapidly transforming healthcare by enhancing diagnostic and treatment facilities. However, this advancement also introduces serious cybersecurity risks due to the use of complex and often opaque models, extensive interconnectivity, interoperability with third-party peripheral devices, Internet connectivity, and vulnerabilities in the underlying technologies. These factors contribute to a broad attack surface and make threat prevention, detection, and mitigation challenging. Given the highly safety-critical nature of these devices, a cyberattack on these devices can cause the ML models to mispredict, thereby posing significant safety risks to patients. Therefore, ensuring the security of these devices from the time of design is essential. This paper underscores the urgency of addressing the cybersecurity challenges in ML-enabled medical devices at the pre-market phase. We begin by analyzing publicly available data on device recalls and adverse events, and known vulnerabilities, to understand the threat landscape of AI/ML-enabled medical devices and their repercussions on patient safety. Building on this analysis, we introduce a suite of tools and techniques designed by us to assist security analysts in conducting comprehensive premarket risk assessments. Our work aims to empower manufacturers to embed cybersecurity as a core design principle in AI/ML-enabled medical devices, thereby making them safe for patients.
title Systems-Theoretic and Data-Driven Security Analysis in ML-enabled Medical Devices
topic Cryptography and Security
Emerging Technologies
Machine Learning
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.15028