Scalable quantum current source on commercial CMOS process technology
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arXiv
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2025
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| author | Dash, Ajit Tripathi, Suyash Pati Georgakopoulos, Dimitrios Feng, MengKe Yianni, Steve Vahapoglu, Ensar Rahman, Md Mamunur Bonen, Shai Brace, Owen Huang, Jonathan Y. Lim, Wee Han Chan, Kok Wai Gilbert, Will Laucht, Arne Morello, Andrea Saraiva, Andre Escott, Christopher C. Voinigescu, Sorin P. Dzurak, Andrew S. Tanttu, Tuomo |
| author_facet | Dash, Ajit Tripathi, Suyash Pati Georgakopoulos, Dimitrios Feng, MengKe Yianni, Steve Vahapoglu, Ensar Rahman, Md Mamunur Bonen, Shai Brace, Owen Huang, Jonathan Y. Lim, Wee Han Chan, Kok Wai Gilbert, Will Laucht, Arne Morello, Andrea Saraiva, Andre Escott, Christopher C. Voinigescu, Sorin P. Dzurak, Andrew S. Tanttu, Tuomo |
| contents | Many quantum technologies require a precise electrical current standard that can only be achieved with expensive cryogenics, or through the secondary standards, such as resistance or voltage. Silicon-based charge pumps could provide such a standard in an inherently scalable way, through their compatibility with complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) fabrication methods. However, coherent quantized charge transfer has so far been demonstrated only in nanoscale devices that are custom-fabricated in academic cleanrooms or research technology foundries. Here, we show that a CMOS device manufactured with commercial 22-nm process node can be used to define a quantum current standard in the International System of Units (SI). We measure an accuracy of (1.2 +/- 0.1)E-3 A/A at 50 MHz with reference to SI voltage and resistance standards in a pumped helium system. We then propose a practical monolithic CMOS chip that incorporates one million parallel connected charge pumps along with on-chip control electronics. This chip could be operated as a table-top primary standard that can be easily integrated with CMOS electronics, generating quantum currents of up to microampere levels. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2506_15956 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Scalable quantum current source on commercial CMOS process technology Dash, Ajit Tripathi, Suyash Pati Georgakopoulos, Dimitrios Feng, MengKe Yianni, Steve Vahapoglu, Ensar Rahman, Md Mamunur Bonen, Shai Brace, Owen Huang, Jonathan Y. Lim, Wee Han Chan, Kok Wai Gilbert, Will Laucht, Arne Morello, Andrea Saraiva, Andre Escott, Christopher C. Voinigescu, Sorin P. Dzurak, Andrew S. Tanttu, Tuomo Applied Physics Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics Many quantum technologies require a precise electrical current standard that can only be achieved with expensive cryogenics, or through the secondary standards, such as resistance or voltage. Silicon-based charge pumps could provide such a standard in an inherently scalable way, through their compatibility with complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) fabrication methods. However, coherent quantized charge transfer has so far been demonstrated only in nanoscale devices that are custom-fabricated in academic cleanrooms or research technology foundries. Here, we show that a CMOS device manufactured with commercial 22-nm process node can be used to define a quantum current standard in the International System of Units (SI). We measure an accuracy of (1.2 +/- 0.1)E-3 A/A at 50 MHz with reference to SI voltage and resistance standards in a pumped helium system. We then propose a practical monolithic CMOS chip that incorporates one million parallel connected charge pumps along with on-chip control electronics. This chip could be operated as a table-top primary standard that can be easily integrated with CMOS electronics, generating quantum currents of up to microampere levels. |
| title | Scalable quantum current source on commercial CMOS process technology |
| topic | Applied Physics Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.15956 |