Aptamer-protein interaction prediction model based on transformer

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Yan, Zhichao, Kang, Yue, Ma, Buyong
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Yan, Zhichao
Kang, Yue
Ma, Buyong
author_facet Yan, Zhichao
Kang, Yue
Ma, Buyong
contents Aptamers are single-stranded DNA/RNAs or short peptides with unique tertiary structures that selectively bind to specific targets. They have great potential in the detection and medical fields. Here, we present SelfTrans-Ensemble, a deep learning model that integrates sequence information models and structural information models to extract multi-scale features for predicting aptamer-protein interactions (APIs). The model employs two pre-trained models, ProtBert and RNA-FM, to encode protein and aptamer sequences, along with features generated from primary sequence and secondary structural information. To address the data imbalance in the aptamer dataset imbalance, we incorporated short RNA-protein interaction data in the training set. This resulted in a training accuracy of 98.9% and a test accuracy of 88.0%, demonstrating the model's effectiveness in accurately predicting APIs. Additionally, analysis using molecular simulation indicated that SelfTrans-Ensemble is sensitive to aptamer sequence mutations. We anticipate that SelfTrans-Ensemble can offer a more efficient and rapid process for aptamer screening.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2506_16084
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Aptamer-protein interaction prediction model based on transformer
Yan, Zhichao
Kang, Yue
Ma, Buyong
Biomolecules
Aptamers are single-stranded DNA/RNAs or short peptides with unique tertiary structures that selectively bind to specific targets. They have great potential in the detection and medical fields. Here, we present SelfTrans-Ensemble, a deep learning model that integrates sequence information models and structural information models to extract multi-scale features for predicting aptamer-protein interactions (APIs). The model employs two pre-trained models, ProtBert and RNA-FM, to encode protein and aptamer sequences, along with features generated from primary sequence and secondary structural information. To address the data imbalance in the aptamer dataset imbalance, we incorporated short RNA-protein interaction data in the training set. This resulted in a training accuracy of 98.9% and a test accuracy of 88.0%, demonstrating the model's effectiveness in accurately predicting APIs. Additionally, analysis using molecular simulation indicated that SelfTrans-Ensemble is sensitive to aptamer sequence mutations. We anticipate that SelfTrans-Ensemble can offer a more efficient and rapid process for aptamer screening.
title Aptamer-protein interaction prediction model based on transformer
topic Biomolecules
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.16084