Exploring the Frontiers of Cosmic Ray Physics: Perspectives on GRANDProto300 and the GRAND Project
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2025
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| _version_ | 1866909653822078976 |
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| author | Zhang, Kewen Zhang, Yi Guo, Yi-Qing |
| author_facet | Zhang, Kewen Zhang, Yi Guo, Yi-Qing |
| contents | The Giant Radio Array for Neutrino Detection (GRAND) is an envisioned large-scale radio array designed to detect ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs, $E > 100$ PeV) and neutrinos. Employing cost-effective antennas distributed across vast areas, GRAND is optimized to observe the rare flux of ultra-high-energy particles with high precision. The GRANDProto300 (GP300) pathfinder array, currently under deployment, targets the $10^{16.5} - 10^{18}$ eV range and is anticipated to achieve approximately 15\% energy resolution and 20g/cm$^2$ $X_{\mathrm{max}}$ precision. This level of precision enables accurate measurements of the fine structure of the energy spectrum, mean logarithmic mass ($\langle \ln A \rangle$), and proton flux within this range. After five years of data collection, the sensitivity for detecting anisotropy could reach $5 \times 10^{-3}$ for energies below $10^{17.1}$ eV. With its substantially larger effective area, GRAND extends these capabilities to the highest energies ($\sim 10^{20}$ eV), offering enhanced statistics and sensitivity for spectral, composition, and anisotropy measurements within one year for UHECRs. |
| format | Preprint |
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arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2506_16274 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Exploring the Frontiers of Cosmic Ray Physics: Perspectives on GRANDProto300 and the GRAND Project Zhang, Kewen Zhang, Yi Guo, Yi-Qing High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics High Energy Physics - Experiment The Giant Radio Array for Neutrino Detection (GRAND) is an envisioned large-scale radio array designed to detect ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs, $E > 100$ PeV) and neutrinos. Employing cost-effective antennas distributed across vast areas, GRAND is optimized to observe the rare flux of ultra-high-energy particles with high precision. The GRANDProto300 (GP300) pathfinder array, currently under deployment, targets the $10^{16.5} - 10^{18}$ eV range and is anticipated to achieve approximately 15\% energy resolution and 20g/cm$^2$ $X_{\mathrm{max}}$ precision. This level of precision enables accurate measurements of the fine structure of the energy spectrum, mean logarithmic mass ($\langle \ln A \rangle$), and proton flux within this range. After five years of data collection, the sensitivity for detecting anisotropy could reach $5 \times 10^{-3}$ for energies below $10^{17.1}$ eV. With its substantially larger effective area, GRAND extends these capabilities to the highest energies ($\sim 10^{20}$ eV), offering enhanced statistics and sensitivity for spectral, composition, and anisotropy measurements within one year for UHECRs. |
| title | Exploring the Frontiers of Cosmic Ray Physics: Perspectives on GRANDProto300 and the GRAND Project |
| topic | High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics High Energy Physics - Experiment |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.16274 |