_version_ 1866918381061406720
author Mintz, Abby
Setton, David J.
Greene, Jenny E.
Leja, Joel
Wang, Bingjie
Burnham, Emilie
Suess, Katherine A.
Atek, Hakim
Bezanson, Rachel
Brammer, Gabriel
Cutler, Sam E.
Dayal, Pratika
Feldmann, Robert
Furtak, Lukas J.
Glazebrook, Karl
Khullar, Gourav
Kokorev, Vasily
Labbé, Ivo
Matthee, Jorryt
Maseda, Michael V.
Miller, Tim B.
Mitsuhashi, Ikki
Nanayakkara, Themiya
Pan, Richard
Price, Sedona H.
Weaver, John R.
Whitaker, Katherine E.
Wu, Belinda
author_facet Mintz, Abby
Setton, David J.
Greene, Jenny E.
Leja, Joel
Wang, Bingjie
Burnham, Emilie
Suess, Katherine A.
Atek, Hakim
Bezanson, Rachel
Brammer, Gabriel
Cutler, Sam E.
Dayal, Pratika
Feldmann, Robert
Furtak, Lukas J.
Glazebrook, Karl
Khullar, Gourav
Kokorev, Vasily
Labbé, Ivo
Matthee, Jorryt
Maseda, Michael V.
Miller, Tim B.
Mitsuhashi, Ikki
Nanayakkara, Themiya
Pan, Richard
Price, Sedona H.
Weaver, John R.
Whitaker, Katherine E.
Wu, Belinda
contents While bursty star formation in low-mass galaxies has been observed in local populations and reproduced in simulations, the dormant phase of the burst cycle has not been well studied beyond the local Universe due to observational limitations. We present a unique sample of 43 JWST PRISM spectra of low-mass galaxies ($M_\star < 10^{9.5}\,M_\odot$) at cosmic noon ($1<z<3$), uniformly selected on F200W magnitude and precise photometric redshifts enabled by 20-band JWST photometry from the UNCOVER and MegaScience surveys. The spectra reveal numerous strong Balmer breaks, which are negatively correlated with the galaxies' H$α$ equivalent width. By comparing these observations to synthetic samples of spectra generated using a simple parametrization of bursty star formation histories, we show that star formation in low-mass galaxies at cosmic noon is likely dominated by burst cycles with long timescales ($\gtrsim 100$ Myr) and large deviations below the star-forming main sequence ($\gtrsim 0.8$ dex). Our results suggest that galaxies in this population--at least those within our detection limits--should not be classified solely by their current star formation rates, but instead viewed as a unified population undergoing dynamic movement above and below the star-forming main sequence. The derived constraints demonstrate that long-timescale fluctuations are important for this class of galaxies, indicating that galaxy-scale gas cycles--rather than molecular-cloud-scale stochasticity--are the primary regulators of star formation variability in low-mass galaxies at cosmic noon.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2506_16510
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Taking a Break at Cosmic Noon: Continuum-selected Low-mass Galaxies Require Long Burst Cycles
Mintz, Abby
Setton, David J.
Greene, Jenny E.
Leja, Joel
Wang, Bingjie
Burnham, Emilie
Suess, Katherine A.
Atek, Hakim
Bezanson, Rachel
Brammer, Gabriel
Cutler, Sam E.
Dayal, Pratika
Feldmann, Robert
Furtak, Lukas J.
Glazebrook, Karl
Khullar, Gourav
Kokorev, Vasily
Labbé, Ivo
Matthee, Jorryt
Maseda, Michael V.
Miller, Tim B.
Mitsuhashi, Ikki
Nanayakkara, Themiya
Pan, Richard
Price, Sedona H.
Weaver, John R.
Whitaker, Katherine E.
Wu, Belinda
Astrophysics of Galaxies
While bursty star formation in low-mass galaxies has been observed in local populations and reproduced in simulations, the dormant phase of the burst cycle has not been well studied beyond the local Universe due to observational limitations. We present a unique sample of 43 JWST PRISM spectra of low-mass galaxies ($M_\star < 10^{9.5}\,M_\odot$) at cosmic noon ($1<z<3$), uniformly selected on F200W magnitude and precise photometric redshifts enabled by 20-band JWST photometry from the UNCOVER and MegaScience surveys. The spectra reveal numerous strong Balmer breaks, which are negatively correlated with the galaxies' H$α$ equivalent width. By comparing these observations to synthetic samples of spectra generated using a simple parametrization of bursty star formation histories, we show that star formation in low-mass galaxies at cosmic noon is likely dominated by burst cycles with long timescales ($\gtrsim 100$ Myr) and large deviations below the star-forming main sequence ($\gtrsim 0.8$ dex). Our results suggest that galaxies in this population--at least those within our detection limits--should not be classified solely by their current star formation rates, but instead viewed as a unified population undergoing dynamic movement above and below the star-forming main sequence. The derived constraints demonstrate that long-timescale fluctuations are important for this class of galaxies, indicating that galaxy-scale gas cycles--rather than molecular-cloud-scale stochasticity--are the primary regulators of star formation variability in low-mass galaxies at cosmic noon.
title Taking a Break at Cosmic Noon: Continuum-selected Low-mass Galaxies Require Long Burst Cycles
topic Astrophysics of Galaxies
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.16510