High-Speed Boulders and the Debris Field in DART Ejecta
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2025
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| author | Farnham, Tony L. Sunshine, Jessica M. Hirabayashi, Masatoshi Ernst, Carolyn M. Daly, R. Terik Agrusa, Harrison F. Barnouin, Olivier S. Li, Jian-Yang Kumamoto, Kathryn M. Syal, Megan Bruck Wiggins, Sean E. Bjonnes, Evan Stickle, Angela M. Raducan, Sabina D. Cheng, Andrew F. Glenar, David A. Lolachi, Ramin Stubbs, Timothy J. Fahnstock, Eugene G. Amoroso, Marilena Bertini, Ivano Brucato, John R. Capannolo, Andrea Cremonese, Gabriele Dall'Ora, Massimo Della Corte, Vincenzo Deshapriya, J. D. P. Dotto, Elisabetta Gai, Igor Hasselmann, Pedro H. Ieva, Simone Impresario, Gabriele Ivanovski, Stavro L. Lavagna, Michele Lucchetti, Alice Marzari, Francesco Epifani, Elena Mazzotta Modenini, Dario Pajola, Maurizio Palumbo, Pasquale Pirrotta, Simone Poggiali, Giovanni Rossi, Alessandro Tortora, Paolo Zannoni, Marco Zanotti, Giovanni Zinzi, Angelo |
| author_facet | Farnham, Tony L. Sunshine, Jessica M. Hirabayashi, Masatoshi Ernst, Carolyn M. Daly, R. Terik Agrusa, Harrison F. Barnouin, Olivier S. Li, Jian-Yang Kumamoto, Kathryn M. Syal, Megan Bruck Wiggins, Sean E. Bjonnes, Evan Stickle, Angela M. Raducan, Sabina D. Cheng, Andrew F. Glenar, David A. Lolachi, Ramin Stubbs, Timothy J. Fahnstock, Eugene G. Amoroso, Marilena Bertini, Ivano Brucato, John R. Capannolo, Andrea Cremonese, Gabriele Dall'Ora, Massimo Della Corte, Vincenzo Deshapriya, J. D. P. Dotto, Elisabetta Gai, Igor Hasselmann, Pedro H. Ieva, Simone Impresario, Gabriele Ivanovski, Stavro L. Lavagna, Michele Lucchetti, Alice Marzari, Francesco Epifani, Elena Mazzotta Modenini, Dario Pajola, Maurizio Palumbo, Pasquale Pirrotta, Simone Poggiali, Giovanni Rossi, Alessandro Tortora, Paolo Zannoni, Marco Zanotti, Giovanni Zinzi, Angelo |
| contents | On 26 September 2022 the Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) spacecraft collided with Dimorphos, the moon of the near-Earth asteroid 65803 Didymos, in a full-scale demonstration of a kinetic impactor concept. The companion LICIACube spacecraft documented the aftermath, capturing images of the expansion and evolution of the ejecta from 29 to 243 s after the impact. We present results from our analyses of these observations, including an improved reduction of the data and new absolute calibration, an updated LICIACube trajectory, and a detailed description of the events and phenomena that were recorded throughout the flyby. One notable aspect of the ejecta was the existence of clusters of boulders, up to 3.6 m in radius, that were ejected at speeds up to 52 m/s. Our analysis of the spatial distribution of 104 of these boulders suggests that they are likely the remnants of larger boulders shattered by the DART spacecraft in the first stages of the impact. The amount of momentum contained in these boulders is more than 3 times that of the DART spacecraft, and it is directed primarily to the south, almost perpendicular to the DART trajectory. Recoil of Dimorphos from the ejection of these boulders has the potential to change its orbital plane by up to a degree and to impart a non-principal axis component to its rotation state. Damping timescales for these phenomena are such that the Hera spacecraft, arriving at the system in 2026, should be able to measure these effects. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2506_16694 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | High-Speed Boulders and the Debris Field in DART Ejecta Farnham, Tony L. Sunshine, Jessica M. Hirabayashi, Masatoshi Ernst, Carolyn M. Daly, R. Terik Agrusa, Harrison F. Barnouin, Olivier S. Li, Jian-Yang Kumamoto, Kathryn M. Syal, Megan Bruck Wiggins, Sean E. Bjonnes, Evan Stickle, Angela M. Raducan, Sabina D. Cheng, Andrew F. Glenar, David A. Lolachi, Ramin Stubbs, Timothy J. Fahnstock, Eugene G. Amoroso, Marilena Bertini, Ivano Brucato, John R. Capannolo, Andrea Cremonese, Gabriele Dall'Ora, Massimo Della Corte, Vincenzo Deshapriya, J. D. P. Dotto, Elisabetta Gai, Igor Hasselmann, Pedro H. Ieva, Simone Impresario, Gabriele Ivanovski, Stavro L. Lavagna, Michele Lucchetti, Alice Marzari, Francesco Epifani, Elena Mazzotta Modenini, Dario Pajola, Maurizio Palumbo, Pasquale Pirrotta, Simone Poggiali, Giovanni Rossi, Alessandro Tortora, Paolo Zannoni, Marco Zanotti, Giovanni Zinzi, Angelo Earth and Planetary Astrophysics On 26 September 2022 the Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) spacecraft collided with Dimorphos, the moon of the near-Earth asteroid 65803 Didymos, in a full-scale demonstration of a kinetic impactor concept. The companion LICIACube spacecraft documented the aftermath, capturing images of the expansion and evolution of the ejecta from 29 to 243 s after the impact. We present results from our analyses of these observations, including an improved reduction of the data and new absolute calibration, an updated LICIACube trajectory, and a detailed description of the events and phenomena that were recorded throughout the flyby. One notable aspect of the ejecta was the existence of clusters of boulders, up to 3.6 m in radius, that were ejected at speeds up to 52 m/s. Our analysis of the spatial distribution of 104 of these boulders suggests that they are likely the remnants of larger boulders shattered by the DART spacecraft in the first stages of the impact. The amount of momentum contained in these boulders is more than 3 times that of the DART spacecraft, and it is directed primarily to the south, almost perpendicular to the DART trajectory. Recoil of Dimorphos from the ejection of these boulders has the potential to change its orbital plane by up to a degree and to impart a non-principal axis component to its rotation state. Damping timescales for these phenomena are such that the Hera spacecraft, arriving at the system in 2026, should be able to measure these effects. |
| title | High-Speed Boulders and the Debris Field in DART Ejecta |
| topic | Earth and Planetary Astrophysics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.16694 |