Optimism Without Regularization: Constant Regret in Zero-Sum Games

Fuente: arXiv
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Autores principales: Lazarsfeld, John, Piliouras, Georgios, Sim, Ryann, Skoulakis, Stratis
Formato: Preprint
Publicado: 2025
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author Lazarsfeld, John
Piliouras, Georgios
Sim, Ryann
Skoulakis, Stratis
author_facet Lazarsfeld, John
Piliouras, Georgios
Sim, Ryann
Skoulakis, Stratis
contents This paper studies the optimistic variant of Fictitious Play for learning in two-player zero-sum games. While it is known that Optimistic FTRL -- a regularized algorithm with a bounded stepsize parameter -- obtains constant regret in this setting, we show for the first time that similar, optimal rates are also achievable without regularization: we prove for two-strategy games that Optimistic Fictitious Play (using any tiebreaking rule) obtains only constant regret, providing surprising new evidence on the ability of non-no-regret algorithms for fast learning in games. Our proof technique leverages a geometric view of Optimistic Fictitious Play in the dual space of payoff vectors, where we show a certain energy function of the iterates remains bounded over time. Additionally, we also prove a regret lower bound of $Ω(\sqrt{T})$ for Alternating Fictitious Play. In the unregularized regime, this separates the ability of optimism and alternation in achieving $o(\sqrt{T})$ regret.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2506_16736
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Optimism Without Regularization: Constant Regret in Zero-Sum Games
Lazarsfeld, John
Piliouras, Georgios
Sim, Ryann
Skoulakis, Stratis
Machine Learning
Computer Science and Game Theory
This paper studies the optimistic variant of Fictitious Play for learning in two-player zero-sum games. While it is known that Optimistic FTRL -- a regularized algorithm with a bounded stepsize parameter -- obtains constant regret in this setting, we show for the first time that similar, optimal rates are also achievable without regularization: we prove for two-strategy games that Optimistic Fictitious Play (using any tiebreaking rule) obtains only constant regret, providing surprising new evidence on the ability of non-no-regret algorithms for fast learning in games. Our proof technique leverages a geometric view of Optimistic Fictitious Play in the dual space of payoff vectors, where we show a certain energy function of the iterates remains bounded over time. Additionally, we also prove a regret lower bound of $Ω(\sqrt{T})$ for Alternating Fictitious Play. In the unregularized regime, this separates the ability of optimism and alternation in achieving $o(\sqrt{T})$ regret.
title Optimism Without Regularization: Constant Regret in Zero-Sum Games
topic Machine Learning
Computer Science and Game Theory
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.16736