Public-Key Quantum Authentication and Digital Signature Schemes Based on the QMA-Complete Problem
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arXiv
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| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
| Published: |
2025
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| _version_ | 1866909654192226304 |
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| author | Liu, Le-Ran He, Min-Quan Zhang, Dan-Bo Wang, Z. D. |
| author_facet | Liu, Le-Ran He, Min-Quan Zhang, Dan-Bo Wang, Z. D. |
| contents | We propose a quantum authentication and digital signature protocol whose security is founded on the Quantum Merlin Arthur~(QMA)-completeness of the consistency of local density matrices. The protocol functions as a true public-key cryptography system, where the public key is a set of local density matrices generated from the private key, a global quantum state. This construction uniquely eliminates the need for trusted third parties, pre-shared secrets, or authenticated classical channels for public key distribution, making a significant departure from symmetric protocols like quantum key distribution. We provide a rigorous security analysis, proving the scheme's unforgeability against adaptive chosen-message attacks by quantum adversaries. The proof proceeds by a formal reduction, demonstrating that a successful forgery would imply an efficient quantum algorithm for the QMA-complete Consistency of Quantum Marginal Problem~(QMP). We further analyze the efficiency of verification using partial quantum state tomography, establishing the protocol's theoretical robustness and outlining a path towards practical implementation |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2506_16904 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Public-Key Quantum Authentication and Digital Signature Schemes Based on the QMA-Complete Problem Liu, Le-Ran He, Min-Quan Zhang, Dan-Bo Wang, Z. D. Quantum Physics We propose a quantum authentication and digital signature protocol whose security is founded on the Quantum Merlin Arthur~(QMA)-completeness of the consistency of local density matrices. The protocol functions as a true public-key cryptography system, where the public key is a set of local density matrices generated from the private key, a global quantum state. This construction uniquely eliminates the need for trusted third parties, pre-shared secrets, or authenticated classical channels for public key distribution, making a significant departure from symmetric protocols like quantum key distribution. We provide a rigorous security analysis, proving the scheme's unforgeability against adaptive chosen-message attacks by quantum adversaries. The proof proceeds by a formal reduction, demonstrating that a successful forgery would imply an efficient quantum algorithm for the QMA-complete Consistency of Quantum Marginal Problem~(QMP). We further analyze the efficiency of verification using partial quantum state tomography, establishing the protocol's theoretical robustness and outlining a path towards practical implementation |
| title | Public-Key Quantum Authentication and Digital Signature Schemes Based on the QMA-Complete Problem |
| topic | Quantum Physics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.16904 |