Identifying Explanation Needs: Towards a Catalog of User-based Indicators

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Deters, Hannah, Reinhardt, Laura, Droste, Jakob, Obaidi, Martin, Schneider, Kurt
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Deters, Hannah
Reinhardt, Laura
Droste, Jakob
Obaidi, Martin
Schneider, Kurt
author_facet Deters, Hannah
Reinhardt, Laura
Droste, Jakob
Obaidi, Martin
Schneider, Kurt
contents In today's digitalized world, where software systems are becoming increasingly ubiquitous and complex, the quality aspect of explainability is gaining relevance. A major challenge in achieving adequate explanations is the elicitation of individual explanation needs, as it may be subject to severe hypothetical or confirmation biases. To address these challenges, we aim to establish user-based indicators concerning user behavior or system events that can be captured at runtime to determine when a need for explanations arises. In this work, we conducted explorative research in form of an online study to collect self-reported indicators that could indicate a need for explanation. We compiled a catalog containing 17 relevant indicators concerning user behavior, 8 indicators concerning system events and 14 indicators concerning emotional states or physical reactions. We also analyze the relationships between these indicators and different types of need for explanation. The established indicators can be used in the elicitation process through prototypes, as well as after publication to gather requirements from already deployed applications using telemetry and usage data. Moreover, these indicators can be used to trigger explanations at appropriate moments during the runtime.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2506_16997
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Identifying Explanation Needs: Towards a Catalog of User-based Indicators
Deters, Hannah
Reinhardt, Laura
Droste, Jakob
Obaidi, Martin
Schneider, Kurt
Software Engineering
In today's digitalized world, where software systems are becoming increasingly ubiquitous and complex, the quality aspect of explainability is gaining relevance. A major challenge in achieving adequate explanations is the elicitation of individual explanation needs, as it may be subject to severe hypothetical or confirmation biases. To address these challenges, we aim to establish user-based indicators concerning user behavior or system events that can be captured at runtime to determine when a need for explanations arises. In this work, we conducted explorative research in form of an online study to collect self-reported indicators that could indicate a need for explanation. We compiled a catalog containing 17 relevant indicators concerning user behavior, 8 indicators concerning system events and 14 indicators concerning emotional states or physical reactions. We also analyze the relationships between these indicators and different types of need for explanation. The established indicators can be used in the elicitation process through prototypes, as well as after publication to gather requirements from already deployed applications using telemetry and usage data. Moreover, these indicators can be used to trigger explanations at appropriate moments during the runtime.
title Identifying Explanation Needs: Towards a Catalog of User-based Indicators
topic Software Engineering
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.16997