Open Sky, Open Threats: Replay Attacks in Space Launch and Re-entry Phases

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Benchoubane, Nesrine, Guven, Eray, Kurt, Gunes Karabulut
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Benchoubane, Nesrine
Guven, Eray
Kurt, Gunes Karabulut
author_facet Benchoubane, Nesrine
Guven, Eray
Kurt, Gunes Karabulut
contents This paper examines the effects of replay attacks on the integrity of both uplink and downlink communications during critical phases of spacecraft communication. By combining software-defined radios (SDRs) with a real-time channel emulator, we replicate realistic attack conditions on the Orion spacecraft's communication systems in both launch and reentry. Our evaluation shows that, under replay attacks, the attacker's signal can overpower legitimate transmissions, leading to a Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) difference of up to -7.8 dB during reentry and -6.5 dB during launch. To mitigate these threats, we propose a more secure receiver design incorporating a phase-coherency-dependent decision-directed (DD) equalizer with a narrowed phase-locked loop (PLL) bandwidth. This configuration enhances resilience by making synchronization more sensitive to phase distortions caused by replay interference.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2506_17446
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Open Sky, Open Threats: Replay Attacks in Space Launch and Re-entry Phases
Benchoubane, Nesrine
Guven, Eray
Kurt, Gunes Karabulut
Cryptography and Security
Systems and Control
This paper examines the effects of replay attacks on the integrity of both uplink and downlink communications during critical phases of spacecraft communication. By combining software-defined radios (SDRs) with a real-time channel emulator, we replicate realistic attack conditions on the Orion spacecraft's communication systems in both launch and reentry. Our evaluation shows that, under replay attacks, the attacker's signal can overpower legitimate transmissions, leading to a Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) difference of up to -7.8 dB during reentry and -6.5 dB during launch. To mitigate these threats, we propose a more secure receiver design incorporating a phase-coherency-dependent decision-directed (DD) equalizer with a narrowed phase-locked loop (PLL) bandwidth. This configuration enhances resilience by making synchronization more sensitive to phase distortions caused by replay interference.
title Open Sky, Open Threats: Replay Attacks in Space Launch and Re-entry Phases
topic Cryptography and Security
Systems and Control
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.17446