The higher order partial derivatives of Okamoto's function with respect to the parameter

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Main Authors: Allaart, Pieter, Dalaklis, Nathan, Kawamura, Kiko, Ortiz, Matthew, Zheng, Jiajie
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Allaart, Pieter
Dalaklis, Nathan
Kawamura, Kiko
Ortiz, Matthew
Zheng, Jiajie
author_facet Allaart, Pieter
Dalaklis, Nathan
Kawamura, Kiko
Ortiz, Matthew
Zheng, Jiajie
contents Let $\{F_a: a\in(0,1)\}$ be Okamoto's family of continuous self-affine functions, introduced in [{\em Proc. Japan Acad. Ser. A Math. Sci.} {\bf 81} (2005), no. 3, 47--50]. This family includes well-known ``pathological" examples such as Cantor's devil's staircase and Perkins' continuous but nowhere differentiable function. It is well known that $F_a(x)$ is real analytic in $a$ for every $x\in[0,1]$. We introduce the functions \[ M_{k,a}(x):=\frac{\partial^k}{\partial a^k}F_a(x), \qquad k\in\mathbb{N}, \quad x\in[0,1]. \] We compute the box-counting dimension of the graph of $M_{k,a}$, characterize its differentiability, and investigate in detail the set of points where $M_{k,a}$ has an infinite derivative. While some of our results are similar to the known facts about Okamoto's function, there are also some notable differences and surprising new phenomena that arise when considering the higher order partial derivatives of $F_a$.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2506_17737
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle The higher order partial derivatives of Okamoto's function with respect to the parameter
Allaart, Pieter
Dalaklis, Nathan
Kawamura, Kiko
Ortiz, Matthew
Zheng, Jiajie
Classical Analysis and ODEs
Primary: 26A27, 26A30, Secondary: 28A78, 11A63
Let $\{F_a: a\in(0,1)\}$ be Okamoto's family of continuous self-affine functions, introduced in [{\em Proc. Japan Acad. Ser. A Math. Sci.} {\bf 81} (2005), no. 3, 47--50]. This family includes well-known ``pathological" examples such as Cantor's devil's staircase and Perkins' continuous but nowhere differentiable function. It is well known that $F_a(x)$ is real analytic in $a$ for every $x\in[0,1]$. We introduce the functions \[ M_{k,a}(x):=\frac{\partial^k}{\partial a^k}F_a(x), \qquad k\in\mathbb{N}, \quad x\in[0,1]. \] We compute the box-counting dimension of the graph of $M_{k,a}$, characterize its differentiability, and investigate in detail the set of points where $M_{k,a}$ has an infinite derivative. While some of our results are similar to the known facts about Okamoto's function, there are also some notable differences and surprising new phenomena that arise when considering the higher order partial derivatives of $F_a$.
title The higher order partial derivatives of Okamoto's function with respect to the parameter
topic Classical Analysis and ODEs
Primary: 26A27, 26A30, Secondary: 28A78, 11A63
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.17737