An entropy-optimal path to humble AI

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Bassetti, Davide, Pospíšil, Lukáš, Groom, Michael, O'Kane, Terence J., Horenko, Illia
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Bassetti, Davide
Pospíšil, Lukáš
Groom, Michael
O'Kane, Terence J.
Horenko, Illia
author_facet Bassetti, Davide
Pospíšil, Lukáš
Groom, Michael
O'Kane, Terence J.
Horenko, Illia
contents Progress of AI has led to very successful, but by no means humble models and tools, especially regarding (i) the huge and further exploding costs and resources they demand, and (ii) the over-confidence of these tools with the answers they provide. Here we introduce a novel mathematical framework for a non-equilibrium entropy-optimizing reformulation of Boltzmann machines based on the exact law of total probability and the exact convex polytope representations. We show that it results in the highly-performant, but much cheaper, gradient-descent-free learning framework with mathematically-justified existence and uniqueness criteria, and cheaply-computable confidence/reliability measures for both the model inputs and the outputs. Comparisons to state-of-the-art AI tools in terms of performance, cost and the model descriptor lengths on a broad set of synthetic and real-world problems with varying complexity reveal that the proposed method results in more performant and slim models, with the descriptor lengths being very close to the intrinsic complexity scaling bounds for the underlying problems. Applying this framework to historical climate data results in models with systematically higher prediction skills for the onsets of important La Niña and El Niño climate phenomena, requiring just few years of climate data for training - a small fraction of what is necessary for contemporary climate prediction tools.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2506_17940
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle An entropy-optimal path to humble AI
Bassetti, Davide
Pospíšil, Lukáš
Groom, Michael
O'Kane, Terence J.
Horenko, Illia
Machine Learning
Artificial Intelligence
Progress of AI has led to very successful, but by no means humble models and tools, especially regarding (i) the huge and further exploding costs and resources they demand, and (ii) the over-confidence of these tools with the answers they provide. Here we introduce a novel mathematical framework for a non-equilibrium entropy-optimizing reformulation of Boltzmann machines based on the exact law of total probability and the exact convex polytope representations. We show that it results in the highly-performant, but much cheaper, gradient-descent-free learning framework with mathematically-justified existence and uniqueness criteria, and cheaply-computable confidence/reliability measures for both the model inputs and the outputs. Comparisons to state-of-the-art AI tools in terms of performance, cost and the model descriptor lengths on a broad set of synthetic and real-world problems with varying complexity reveal that the proposed method results in more performant and slim models, with the descriptor lengths being very close to the intrinsic complexity scaling bounds for the underlying problems. Applying this framework to historical climate data results in models with systematically higher prediction skills for the onsets of important La Niña and El Niño climate phenomena, requiring just few years of climate data for training - a small fraction of what is necessary for contemporary climate prediction tools.
title An entropy-optimal path to humble AI
topic Machine Learning
Artificial Intelligence
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.17940